The Harappans are believed to have played several games that demonstrate their cultural sophistication. One of the games was chess, which was likely a precursor to modern chess, as evidence of similar game pieces has been found. They also played ...
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The Harappans used several metals, including copper, bronze, gold, and silver. Copper and bronze were widely used to make tools, weapons, and ornaments. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was particularly important for creating durable items like axes and ...
Lothal was an important city of the Harappan Civilization, located in present-day Gujarat. It is known for its well-developed dockyard, which is considered one of the world’s earliest. This dockyard indicates that Lothal was a major center for trade and ...
The Harappans used a variety of materials for construction, with bricks being the most common. They made standardized, kiln-fired bricks that were used to build houses, roads, and walls, ensuring durability and uniformity. In addition to bricks, wood and reeds ...
The Harappans had advanced systems to manage water, which were crucial for their urban life. They built wells in almost every house, providing residents with easy access to water. Additionally, the cities had sophisticated drainage systems with covered drains that ...
Harappan town planning was highly advanced and organized. The cities were laid out in a grid pattern, with streets running perpendicular to each other. The buildings were made of baked brick, and many houses had private wells and bathrooms. A ...
Harappan seals were primarily used for trade and administrative purposes. These seals, made of materials like soapstone, were engraved with images of animals, plants, and a script that is yet to be fully deciphered. Traders used them to mark their ...
Harappan trade involved the exchange of goods both within the civilization and with regions beyond. The Harappans traded items like beads, pottery, metals, and precious stones, as well as agricultural products like grain. They traded with distant places like Mesopotamia, ...
The Harappans domesticated several animals to support their agricultural and daily life. They kept cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, and pigs for their milk, meat, and hides. The Harappans also domesticated dogs for companionship and security. Evidence suggests they used oxen ...
The Harappans used simple yet effective tools for farming, made primarily of wood and stone. They employed plows to till the land, and evidence suggests these plows were often drawn by oxen. Harappans also used sickles with wooden handles and ...