The line along which a magnet rests indicates the north-south direction. You can find this direction by using a compass or observing a freely suspended magnet, which aligns itself with Earth’s magnetic field.
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No, a magnet with only one pole cannot exist. Magnets always have two poles—north and south—due to the nature of magnetic fields. A single magnetic pole, or monopole, has never been observed.
The strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the electric current, adding more turns to the wire coil, or using a core with better magnetic properties, like soft iron.
A magnetic field is an invisible force field around a magnet where magnetic forces are exerted. It is represented by field lines that emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole of the magnet.