Sublimation is the process where ice (solid water) directly transitions into water vapor (gas) without first becoming liquid. This occurs when ice absorbs enough energy to bypass the liquid phase.
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Freezing is the process where liquid water turns into solid ice. When the temperature drops below 0°C, the water molecules lose energy, slowing down and forming a rigid structure known as ice.
The rate of evaporation is influenced by temperature, humidity, wind speed and surface area. Higher temperatures and lower humidity increase evaporation, while higher wind speeds and larger surface areas also enhance the process.
Condensation is the process where water vapor in the air cools and changes back into liquid water. This occurs when the temperature of the vapor drops below its dew point, forming droplets.
Water evaporates when it absorbs heat energy, which increases the kinetic energy of its molecules. This energy allows the molecules to escape from the liquid state into the gas phase as water vapor.