In primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, the –OH group is attached to primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon atoms, respectively, in the alkyl group.

Phenols can be synthesized from diazonium salts by forming the diazonium salt from an aromatic primary amine and then hydrolyzing it to phenols. Alternatively, phenol is manufactured from cumene by oxidizing cumene to cumene hydroperoxide, followed by conversion to phenol ...

In the laboratory, phenols are prepared from chlorobenzene by fusing it with NaOH at 623 K, followed by acidification of the produced sodium phenoxide. From benzenesulphonic acid, phenol is obtained by sulphonating benzene with oleum, converting the resulting benzene sulphonic ...

Phenol is commercially produced synthetically nowadays, but it was first isolated from coal tar in the early nineteenth century.

Commercially, carboxylic acids are reduced to alcohols by first converting them to esters, followed by catalytic hydrogenation. Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH₄) is considered less economical for this purpose due to its high cost, and it is primarily used for specialized ...