Fungi like bread moulds, yeast, and mushrooms break down food material outside their bodies and then absorb it.

The form of nutrition varies depending on the type and availability of food material and how it is obtained, influenced by the organism’s environment.

Nitrogen is essential for protein and compound synthesis in autotrophs, and it is acquired from the soil either as inorganic nitrates/nitrites or as organic compounds prepared by bacteria from atmospheric nitrogen.

Autotrophs need materials like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium, which are taken up from the soil.

Autotrophs take up water from the soil through their roots in terrestrial plants.

Gaseous exchange occurs across the surface of stems, roots, and leaves, ensuring efficient gas exchange for photosynthesis and other plant processes.

Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomatal pores; they swell with water, causing the pore to open, and shrink to close it, controlling gas exchange and water loss.

The opening and closing of stomatal pores, regulated by guard cells, control gaseous exchange, preventing excessive water loss while facilitating the intake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

The plant obtains carbon dioxide through tiny pores called stomata present on the surface of leaves.

In humans, some of the energy derived from the food we eat is stored in our body in the form of glycogen.