Diffusion pressure alone becomes insufficient for oxygen delivery to all body parts in large animals.

The walls of alveoli contain an extensive network of blood vessels. These vessels facilitate the exchange of gases, allowing oxygen from the alveolar air to be absorbed by the blood and transporting carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli.

During the breathing cycle, when air is taken in and out, the lungs always retain a residual volume of air. This ensures sufficient time for the absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide, facilitating effective gas exchange for cellular ...

Alveoli are balloon-like structures within the lungs where the exchange of gases occurs. They provide a surface for the absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide.

Respiratory organs in animals, irrespective of their habitat, have structures that increase the surface area for contact with the oxygen-rich atmosphere. These surfaces are often delicate, protected within the body, and connected to air passages for efficient oxygen exchange.

Fish take in water through their mouths, and it passes over their gills where dissolved oxygen is absorbed by the blood, facilitating respiration in an aquatic environment.

Terrestrial animals breathe oxygen from the atmosphere, while aquatic animals extract dissolved oxygen from water, leading to a faster breathing rate in aquatic organisms.

Plants exchange gases through stomata, and the large inter-cellular spaces ensure that all cells are in contact with air. Stomata facilitate the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen by diffusion, depending on environmental conditions and the plant’s requirements.

ATP, when broken down, provides a fixed amount of energy that drives endothermic reactions occurring in the cell, supporting various cellular processes.

The energy released during cellular respiration is immediately used to synthesize ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which fuels various activities within the cell.