Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures. Structural isomers differ in arrangement, geometric isomers have different spatial arrangements, and stereoisomers have the same connectivity but differ in spatial arrangement.
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DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is a synthetic pesticide once widely used to control insect-borne diseases like malaria. Its environmental persistence and harmful effects led to bans in many countries.
Examples of asexually reproducing species include bacteria (binary fission), plants (runners, bulbs), and some animals (parthenogenesis). Offspring inherit genetic material from a single parent, lacking genetic variation.
Asexual reproduction involves the creation of offspring without the union of gametes. It results in genetically identical or nearly identical offspring to the parent, common in plants, bacteria, and fungi.
Chromosomes are thread-like structures in cells containing DNA. They carry genetic information, determining an organism’s traits. Humans have 23 pairs, with one set inherited from each parent.
Fruits are mature ovaries of flowering plants, containing seeds. They develop from fertilized ovaries and serve as a means for seed dispersal. Fruits come in various types, shapes, and flavors.
A food chain depicts the transfer of energy in an ecosystem. It starts with producers (plants), followed by herbivores (primary consumers) and carnivores (secondary and tertiary consumers), illustrating the feeding relationships.
Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. It forms a protective layer in Earth’s stratosphere, blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ground-level ozone is a component of smog and can be harmful to health.
Herbivores are animals that primarily consume plants, while carnivores are meat-eating animals that primarily feed on other animals. Their dietary preferences are adapted to the types of food they consume.
Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have thinner walls than arteries and often contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.