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The correct chronological order is (iv), (ii), (iii), (i). Dalton first proposed indivisible atoms, Thomson introduced embedded electrons, Rutherford discovered the central nucleus and Bohr explained stable quantized circular orbits with fixed energies.
Rutherford concluded that the positive charge is not spread out but concentrated at the center in an extremely small, dense region called the nucleus, which also contains nearly all the mass of the atom.
Statement (iii) is correct because electrons occupy discrete stationary orbits without radiating energy. Statements (i), (ii) and (iv) are incorrect because electrons possess fixed quantized energies and cannot spiral inward or exist between allowed levels.
Options (ii) and (iii) are correct because alpha particle scattering revealed a tiny, dense, positive nucleus, disproving Thomson’s model. Options (i) and (iv) are incorrect because neutrons were discovered later and deflections did not trace electron movement.
The poet’s tone shifts from competitive and suspenseful at the start to sorrowful during the fall, ultimately evolving into a celebratory, heartwarming and deeply appreciative tone honoring true sportsmanship and empathy.
