(a) Diffusion and osmosis Diffusion:- 1. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles, ions, and molecules along the concentration gradient. 2. It can occur in solids, liquids, and gases. 3. It does not require a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis:- 1. Osmosis is the process in which the diffusion ofRead more
(a) Diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion:-
1. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles, ions, and molecules along the concentration gradient.
2. It can occur in solids, liquids, and gases.
3. It does not require a semipermeable membrane.
Osmosis:-
1. Osmosis is the process in which the diffusion of a solvent (water) occurs across a semi-permeable membrane.
2. It occurs in the liquid medium.
3. It requires a semi-permeable membrane.
(b) Transpiration and evaporation
Transpiration:-
1. It occurs in plants.
2. It is a physiological process.
3. It occurs mainly through the stomatal pores on plant leaves.
4. It is controlled by environmental factors as well as physiological factors of plants such as root-shoot ratio and number of stomata.
Evaporation:-
1. It occurs from any free surface and involves living and non-living surfaces.
2. It is a physical process.
3. It is occurs through any free surface.
4. It is entirely driven by environmental factors.
(c) Osmotic pressure and osmotic potential
Osmotic pressure:-
1. It is expressed in bars with a positive sign.
2. It is a positive pressure.
3. Its value increases with an increase in the concentration of solute particles.
Osmotic potential:-
1. It is expressed in bars with a negative sign.
2. It is a negative pressure.
3. Its value decreases with an increase in the concentration of solute particles.
(d) Imbibition and diffusion
Imbibition:-
1.Imbibition is a special type of diffusion. In this process, water is absorbed by solids and colloids, causing an enormous increase in volume.
2.It usually involves water.
Diffusion:-
1. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles, ions, and molecules along the concentration gradient.
2. It involves solids, liquids, and gases.
(e) Apoplast and symplast pathways of movement of water in plants
Apoplast pathway:-
1. The apoplast pathway involves the movement of water through the adjacent cell walls of the epidermis and cortex. The movement of water is restricted at the casparian strips of the root endodermis.
2. It is a faster process of water movement and water moves through mass flow.
Symplast pathway:-
1.The symplast pathway involves the movement of water through the interconnected protoplasts of the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and root pericycle.
2. It is a slower process of water movement.
(f) Guttation and transpiration
Guttation:-
1. It occurs usually at night.
2. Water is lost from the leaves in the form of liquid droplets.
3. It occurs through the vein endings of leaves.
4. It is an uncontrolled process.
Transpiration:-
1. It occurs usually during the day.
2. Water is lost from the leaves in the form of water vapour.
3. It occurs through the stomata.
4. It is a controlled process.
Water potential quantifies the tendency of water to move from one part to the other during various cellular processes. It is denoted by the Greek letter Psi or Ψ. The water potential of pure water is always taken as zero at standard temperature and pressure. It can be explained in terms of the kinetRead more
Water potential quantifies the tendency of water to move from one part to the other during various cellular processes. It is denoted by the Greek letter Psi or Ψ. The water potential of pure water is always taken as zero at standard temperature and pressure. It can be explained in terms of the kinetic energy possessed by water molecules. When water is in liquid form, the movement of its molecules is rapid and constant. Pure water has the highest concentration of water molecules. Therefore, it has the highest water potential. When some solute is dissolved in water, the water potential of pure water decreases.
In plant cells, active transport occurs against the concentration gradient, i.e., from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. The process of active transport involves specific protein pumps. The protein pumps are made up of specific proteins called trans-membrane proteiRead more
In plant cells, active transport occurs against the concentration gradient, i.e., from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. The process of active transport involves specific protein pumps. The protein pumps are made up of specific proteins called trans-membrane proteins. These pumps first make a complex with the substance to be transported across the membrane, using the energy derived from ATP. The substance finally gets liberated into the cytoplasm as a result of the dissociation of the protein–substance complex.
Porins are types of proteins which form pores of large sizes in the outer membranes of plastids such as chloroplast, mitochondria and the membranes in bacteria. They help in facilitating the passive transport of small-sized protein molecules. For more answers visit to website: https://www.tiwRead more
Porins are types of proteins which form pores of large sizes in the outer membranes of plastids such as chloroplast, mitochondria and the membranes in bacteria. They help in facilitating the passive transport of small-sized protein molecules.
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion of substances plays an important role in cellular transport in plants. Rate of diffusion is affected by concentration gradient, membrane permeability, temperature, andRead more
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion of substances plays an important role in cellular transport in plants. Rate of diffusion is affected by concentration gradient, membrane permeability, temperature, and pressure. Diffusion takes place as long as there is a difference between the concentrations of a substance across a barrier. However, diffusion stops, when the concentrations of the substance on either side of the barrier become equal. The permeability of a membrane affects the rate of diffusion. Diffusion rate increases as membrane permeability increases. Changes in temperature and pressure values also affect the diffusion of substances. Pressure plays an important role in the diffusion of gases as gases diffuse from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial pressure.
Differentiate between the following: (a) Diffusion and Osmosis (b) Transpiration and Evaporation (c) Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential (d) Imbibition and Diffusion (e) Apoplast and Symplast pathways of movement of water in plants. (f) Guttation and Transpiration.
(a) Diffusion and osmosis Diffusion:- 1. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles, ions, and molecules along the concentration gradient. 2. It can occur in solids, liquids, and gases. 3. It does not require a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis:- 1. Osmosis is the process in which the diffusion ofRead more
(a) Diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion:-
1. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles, ions, and molecules along the concentration gradient.
2. It can occur in solids, liquids, and gases.
3. It does not require a semipermeable membrane.
Osmosis:-
1. Osmosis is the process in which the diffusion of a solvent (water) occurs across a semi-permeable membrane.
2. It occurs in the liquid medium.
3. It requires a semi-permeable membrane.
(b) Transpiration and evaporation
Transpiration:-
1. It occurs in plants.
2. It is a physiological process.
3. It occurs mainly through the stomatal pores on plant leaves.
4. It is controlled by environmental factors as well as physiological factors of plants such as root-shoot ratio and number of stomata.
Evaporation:-
1. It occurs from any free surface and involves living and non-living surfaces.
2. It is a physical process.
3. It is occurs through any free surface.
4. It is entirely driven by environmental factors.
(c) Osmotic pressure and osmotic potential
Osmotic pressure:-
1. It is expressed in bars with a positive sign.
2. It is a positive pressure.
3. Its value increases with an increase in the concentration of solute particles.
Osmotic potential:-
1. It is expressed in bars with a negative sign.
2. It is a negative pressure.
3. Its value decreases with an increase in the concentration of solute particles.
(d) Imbibition and diffusion
Imbibition:-
1.Imbibition is a special type of diffusion. In this process, water is absorbed by solids and colloids, causing an enormous increase in volume.
2.It usually involves water.
Diffusion:-
1. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles, ions, and molecules along the concentration gradient.
2. It involves solids, liquids, and gases.
(e) Apoplast and symplast pathways of movement of water in plants
Apoplast pathway:-
1. The apoplast pathway involves the movement of water through the adjacent cell walls of the epidermis and cortex. The movement of water is restricted at the casparian strips of the root endodermis.
2. It is a faster process of water movement and water moves through mass flow.
Symplast pathway:-
1.The symplast pathway involves the movement of water through the interconnected protoplasts of the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and root pericycle.
2. It is a slower process of water movement.
(f) Guttation and transpiration
Guttation:-
1. It occurs usually at night.
2. Water is lost from the leaves in the form of liquid droplets.
3. It occurs through the vein endings of leaves.
4. It is an uncontrolled process.
Transpiration:-
1. It occurs usually during the day.
2. Water is lost from the leaves in the form of water vapour.
3. It occurs through the stomata.
4. It is a controlled process.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-11/
Explain why pure water has the maximum water potential.
Water potential quantifies the tendency of water to move from one part to the other during various cellular processes. It is denoted by the Greek letter Psi or Ψ. The water potential of pure water is always taken as zero at standard temperature and pressure. It can be explained in terms of the kinetRead more
Water potential quantifies the tendency of water to move from one part to the other during various cellular processes. It is denoted by the Greek letter Psi or Ψ. The water potential of pure water is always taken as zero at standard temperature and pressure. It can be explained in terms of the kinetic energy possessed by water molecules. When water is in liquid form, the movement of its molecules is rapid and constant. Pure water has the highest concentration of water molecules. Therefore, it has the highest water potential. When some solute is dissolved in water, the water potential of pure water decreases.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-11/
Describe the role played by protein pumps during active transport in plants.
In plant cells, active transport occurs against the concentration gradient, i.e., from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. The process of active transport involves specific protein pumps. The protein pumps are made up of specific proteins called trans-membrane proteiRead more
In plant cells, active transport occurs against the concentration gradient, i.e., from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. The process of active transport involves specific protein pumps. The protein pumps are made up of specific proteins called trans-membrane proteins. These pumps first make a complex with the substance to be transported across the membrane, using the energy derived from ATP. The substance finally gets liberated into the cytoplasm as a result of the dissociation of the protein–substance complex.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-11/
What are porins? What role do they play in diffusion?
Porins are types of proteins which form pores of large sizes in the outer membranes of plastids such as chloroplast, mitochondria and the membranes in bacteria. They help in facilitating the passive transport of small-sized protein molecules. For more answers visit to website: https://www.tiwRead more
Porins are types of proteins which form pores of large sizes in the outer membranes of plastids such as chloroplast, mitochondria and the membranes in bacteria. They help in facilitating the passive transport of small-sized protein molecules.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-11/
What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion?
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion of substances plays an important role in cellular transport in plants. Rate of diffusion is affected by concentration gradient, membrane permeability, temperature, andRead more
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion of substances plays an important role in cellular transport in plants. Rate of diffusion is affected by concentration gradient, membrane permeability, temperature, and pressure. Diffusion takes place as long as there is a difference between the concentrations of a substance across a barrier. However, diffusion stops, when the concentrations of the substance on either side of the barrier become equal. The permeability of a membrane affects the rate of diffusion. Diffusion rate increases as membrane permeability increases. Changes in temperature and pressure values also affect the diffusion of substances. Pressure plays an important role in the diffusion of gases as gases diffuse from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial pressure.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-11/