1. (a) (i) Hyphae/mycelium (ii) Sporangia (b) Structures protected by thick walls. Function: They germinate into new individuals under favourable conditions.

    (a) (i) Hyphae/mycelium (ii) Sporangia
    (b) Structures protected by thick walls.
    Function: They germinate into new individuals under favourable conditions.

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  2. Four methods of contraception: (l) Mechanical or barrier method OR Male or female condoms. (ii) Use of hormonal preparations OR Oral pills/i-pill/Saheli. (iii) Use of loop or copper-T OR IUCD. (iv) Surgical method OR tubectomy/vasectomy. Effect on health and prosperity: (i) Health of n omen is maintRead more

    Four methods of contraception:
    (l) Mechanical or barrier method OR Male or female condoms.
    (ii) Use of hormonal preparations OR Oral pills/i-pill/Saheli.
    (iii) Use of loop or copper-T OR IUCD.
    (iv) Surgical method OR tubectomy/vasectomy.

    Effect on health and prosperity:
    (i) Health of n omen is maintained.
    (ii) Parents can give more attention to their children.
    (iii) More resources can be made available for the improvement in living standard.

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  3. . No. of periods: 7 . Valency across a period increases from 1 to 4, then decreases from 4 to zero. . Metallic character of elements across a period decreases. . Valency down a group remains the same. . Atomic size of elements down a group increases.

    . No. of periods: 7
    . Valency across a period increases from 1 to 4, then decreases from 4 to zero.
    . Metallic character of elements across a period decreases.
    . Valency down a group remains the same.
    . Atomic size of elements down a group increases.

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  4. Four activities: (i) Reduce excessive use of natural resources like water, fossil fuels, etc. (ii) Reuse of some resources instead of wasting (throwing) them, like empty bottles. (iii) Recycle the materials like paper to reduce the pressure on existing natural resources. (iv) Changes in lifestyle, pRead more

    Four activities:
    (i) Reduce excessive use of natural resources like water, fossil fuels, etc.
    (ii) Reuse of some resources instead of wasting (throwing) them, like empty bottles.
    (iii) Recycle the materials like paper to reduce the pressure on existing natural resources.
    (iv) Changes in lifestyle, personal attitudes and practice

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  5. Two advantages: (l) Recharges ground water (ii) Mitigates floods and droughts Brings rivers and wells back to life and makes more water available for use

    Two advantages:
    (l) Recharges ground water

    (ii) Mitigates floods and droughts
    Brings rivers and wells back to life and makes more water available for use

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