1. . Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell, and needs to gain or lose 4 electrons to attain noble gas configuration. . Losing or gaining 4 electrons is not possible due to energy considerations; hence it shares electrons to form covalent bonds. .Two reasons {or large number of carbon compounds:Read more

    . Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell, and needs to gain or lose 4 electrons to attain noble gas configuration.
    . Losing or gaining 4 electrons is not possible due to energy considerations; hence it shares electrons to form covalent bonds.
    .Two reasons {or large number of carbon compounds:
    Catenation: The unique ability of carbon to form bonds with other atoms of carbon giving rise to long chains of different types of compounds.
    . Tetravalency: Since carbon has a valency of 4, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of elements like oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, etc.
    The reason for the formation of strong bonds by carbon is its small size which enables the nucleus to hold on to the shared pairs of electrons strongly.

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  2. The candidate may choose any two of the following rays: (i) A ray parallel to the principal axis, after reflection, will pass through the principal focus of a concave mirror. (ii) A ray passing through the principal focus of a concave mirror after reflection will emerge parallel to the principal axiRead more

    The candidate may choose any two of the following rays:
    (i) A ray parallel to the principal axis, after reflection, will pass through the principal focus
    of a concave mirror.
    (ii) A ray passing through the principal focus of a concave mirror after reflection will emerge
    parallel to the principal axis.
    (iii) A ray passing through the center of curvature of a concave mirror after reflection is
    reflected back along the same path.
    (iv) A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis towards the pole of a concave mirror is reflected obliquely; making equal angles with the principal axis

    Using the ray number (iii) and (iv) we can draw the required ray diagram.

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  3. Acquired Traits:- (l) Does not bring about change in the DNA of the germ cell. (ii) Cannot be passed on to the progeny. (iii) Cannot direct evolution Examples: Acquiring knowledge, loss of weight or any other example. Inherited Traits:- (l) Brings about change in the DNA of the germ cell. (ii) Can bRead more

    Acquired Traits:- (l) Does not bring about change in the
    DNA of the germ cell.
    (ii) Cannot be passed on to the progeny.
    (iii) Cannot direct evolution
    Examples: Acquiring knowledge, loss of weight or any other example.

    Inherited Traits:- (l) Brings about change in the DNA of the germ cell.
    (ii) Can be passed on to the progeny.
    (iii) Can direct evolution.

    Examples: Skin colour, colour of the eyes.

     

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  4. (l) No, the structure of the eye in each of the organisms is different. (ii)  Fossils of certain dinosaurs/reptiles show imprints of feathers along with their bones but they could not fly presumably using the feathers for insulation. . Later, they developed/evolved and adapted feathers for flight, tRead more

    (l) No, the structure of the eye in each of the organisms is different.
    (ii)  Fossils of certain dinosaurs/reptiles show imprints of feathers along with their bones but they could not fly presumably using the feathers for insulation.
    . Later, they developed/evolved and adapted feathers for flight, thus becoming the
    ancestors of present-day birds. (OR any other suitable evidence/example)

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