1. A swaramalika is a type of musical composition in Indian classical music, written entirely in sargam (solfa syllables: S, R, G, etc.). It follows a structured melodic pattern, based on a specific raga and tala. Swaramalikas are frequently used to train students in raga phrasing, note progression andRead more

    A swaramalika is a type of musical composition in Indian classical music, written entirely in sargam (solfa syllables: S, R, G, etc.). It follows a structured melodic pattern, based on a specific raga and tala. Swaramalikas are frequently used to train students in raga phrasing, note progression and rhythmic accuracy. In Carnatic music, swaramalikas help beginners develop familiarity with different ragas and rhythmic cycles, making them an essential part of learning.

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  2. A bandish is a fixed composition in Hindustani classical music, typically sung in khayal, dhrupad or thumri styles. It consists of lyrics, a melodic structure (raga) and rhythmic framework (tala). The bandish serves as a foundation for improvisation, allowing musicians to explore different embellishRead more

    A bandish is a fixed composition in Hindustani classical music, typically sung in khayal, dhrupad or thumri styles. It consists of lyrics, a melodic structure (raga) and rhythmic framework (tala). The bandish serves as a foundation for improvisation, allowing musicians to explore different embellishments and variations. Bandishes are usually taught to students as they provide a systematic way of understanding ragas and their practical applications in performance.

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  3. In Indian classical music, a composition is a structured blend of melody (raga), rhythm (tala) and lyrics (if present). It acts as a framework for musicians to improvise within set rules. Hindustani music compositions are called bandish, while Carnatic music uses kritis. Each composition follows a sRead more

    In Indian classical music, a composition is a structured blend of melody (raga), rhythm (tala) and lyrics (if present). It acts as a framework for musicians to improvise within set rules. Hindustani music compositions are called bandish, while Carnatic music uses kritis. Each composition follows a specific laya (tempo) and conveys a distinct rasa (mood). The structure of compositions enables both vocal and instrumental performances, preserving traditional music forms.

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  4. A scale alone does not make a raga; it must be decorated using gamakas (ornamentations), specific note emphasis and characteristic phrases. Some notes may be highlighted more than others and transitions between notes are often enriched with meend (glides), kan (grace notes) and oscillations. These eRead more

    A scale alone does not make a raga; it must be decorated using gamakas (ornamentations), specific note emphasis and characteristic phrases. Some notes may be highlighted more than others and transitions between notes are often enriched with meend (glides), kan (grace notes) and oscillations. These elements give each raga a distinct mood (rasa). For example, Raga Yaman emphasizes Tivra Madhyam (sharp Ma), making it sound soothing yet majestic.

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  5. Seals have been used since ancient times for authentication, trade and governance. In the past, kings, merchants and officials used stone, clay or metal seals to validate documents and mark ownership. Today, seals are commonly used in government offices, educational institutions and businesses for cRead more

    Seals have been used since ancient times for authentication, trade and governance. In the past, kings, merchants and officials used stone, clay or metal seals to validate documents and mark ownership. Today, seals are commonly used in government offices, educational institutions and businesses for certification, branding and legal purposes. They ensure authenticity, prevent forgery and symbolize authority, playing a crucial role in administrative and commercial activities worldwide.

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