(a) : The women in the nineteenth century India continued wearing traditional Indian dress because they were conservative Some people among the upper-classes opposed it C. Kesavan’s autobiography Jeevita Samaram recalls his mother-in-law's first encounter with a blouse gifted by her sister-in-law inRead more
(a) : The women in the nineteenth century India continued wearing traditional Indian dress because they were conservative Some people among the upper-classes opposed it C. Kesavan’s autobiography Jeevita Samaram recalls his mother-in-law’s first encounter with a blouse gifted by her sister-in-law in the late nineteenth century. In the encounter, she was told, “Take it off…. you want to walk around an unlike Muslim women?”
(ii) The women were confined to within the four walls of the house. They did not go out to work in offices. Their dress particularly sarees were comfortable. Attempts at devising a pan. Indian style also did not fully succed. Women of Gujarat Kodagu Kerala and Assam continued to wear different types of sari.
(iii) The caste system too restricted them to wear traditional dresses. It defined what subordinate and dominant caste Hindis should wear and eat. Changes in clothing styles, particularly among women, that threatened the norms often created violent social reactions as in the case of Shanar caste.
(b) status of women was low in the solely. There was gender inequality in India. Their sphere of duty was their home and lock after their children and other members of the Family. They were symbol of sacrifice and suffering who did everything for the welfare all the family. Their condition was miserable.
Two examples of the ways in which European dress aides were different from Indian dress codes are is given below: (i) Turban and hat: The turban in India was not just for protection from the heat but was a sign of respectability, and could not be removed at will. In the European tradition, the bat hRead more
Two examples of the ways in which European dress aides were different from Indian dress codes are is given below:
(i) Turban and hat: The turban in India was not just for protection from the heat but was a sign of respectability, and could not be removed at will. In the European tradition, the bat had to be be moved before social superiors on Sun of respect. The British were often offended Indians did not take off their turban when they met colonial officials Many Indians on the other hand wore the turban lo consciously assert their regional or national identity
(ii) Wearing of shoes : At the beginning of the nineteenth century it was customary for British officials to follow Indian etiquette and remove their footwear in the courts of ruling kings or chiefs. In India, some British officials also won Indian clothes. In 1830, European were forbidden from wearing Indian clothes at official functions, so that the cultural identity of the white masters was not undermined. However, at the same time, the Indians were expected
to wear Indian clothes to office and follow their dress codes. In 1924-28. Governor General Amherst insisted that Indians should take off their shoes of a sign of respect when they appeared before him, but this Was not followed strictly Lord Dalhousie made ‘shoe respect’ stricter and Indians were made to take all their class when entering any government institution only those who wore European clothes were exempted from the rule This led lot a controversy. In 1862. Manockjee Cowasjee Entee, assessor in the Surat Fouzdaree Adawlut, refusd obey the shoe respect rule and was barred entry into the courtroom. The Indian- had scaled
that the taking, off shoes in place or home was due to two reasons: One the problem of me dirt an filthy has collected by the shoes on the road and secondly, the dirt and filth might lead pollution. The public buildings were differnt from sacred place and home, so shoe respect’ could not be obeyed. But it took many years before shoes were permitted into the courtroom.
(a) The sumptuary laws were the dress codes in France at the time of French Revolution. From about 1294, the people were expected to strictly follow these laws. The laws tried to control the behaviour of social inferiors, preventing them from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beveRead more
(a) The sumptuary laws were the dress codes in France at the time of French Revolution. From about 1294, the people were expected to strictly follow these laws. The laws tried to control the behaviour of social inferiors, preventing them from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beverages and hunting game in certain arese.
(b) Restrictions as mentioned below were imposed on certain classes:
(i) Only royalty could wear expensive materials like ermine and fur, or silk, velvet and brocade Other classes were debarred from clothing themselves with materials that were associated with the aristocracy.
(ii) The inferiors were debarred from hunting in certain areas. The French Revolution ended these restrictions Thus, in short, sumptuary laws were used to maintain social hierarchy.
(a) The traditional feminine clothes were criticised on the following grounds: (i) Long skirts swept the grounds and collected filth and dirt. This caused illness. (ii) The skirts were voluminous and difficult to handle. (iii) They hampered movement and prevented women from working and earning. (iv)Read more
(a) The traditional feminine clothes were criticised on the following grounds:
(i) Long skirts swept the grounds and collected filth and dirt. This caused illness.
(ii) The skirts were voluminous and difficult to handle.
(iii) They hampered movement and prevented women from working and earning.
(iv) It was stated that if clothes were comfortable and convenient, then women could work, earn their living, and become independent.
(b) In the 1870s, the National Women Suffrage Association headed by Mrs. Stanton, and the American Woman Suffrage Association dominated by Lucy Stone started the campaign for rational dress reform.
(c) Results : The reformers could not succeed immediately due to opposition from the conservatives who lamented that women who gave up traditional norms of dressing no longer looked beautiful, and lost their femininity and grace
The following changes in women's clothing came about as a result of two World Wars : (i) Many European women stopped wearing jewellery and luxurious clothes. (ii) Upper class women mixed with other classes. As a result of it, social barriers were eroded and women began to dress in similar ways. (iiiRead more
The following changes in women’s clothing came about as a result of two World Wars :
(i) Many European women stopped wearing jewellery and luxurious clothes.
(ii) Upper class women mixed with other classes. As a result of it, social barriers were eroded and women began to dress in similar ways.
(iii) During the war, women started working and by 1917, over 700,000 women in Britain were employed in ammunition factories. This necessitated a change in their dress because they had to wear a working uniform of blouse and trousers with accessories such as scarves. This was later on replaced by khaki overalls and caps.
(iv) Bright colours were discarded and sober colours were worn as the war continued. Thus, clothes became plainer and simpler.
(v) Skirts became shorter.
(vi) Trousers became a vital part of Western women’s clothing because it gave them greater freedom of movement.
(vii) Most important change was that women took to cutting their hair short for convenience.
(viii) By the twentieth century, a plain and sustere style came to reflect seriousness and professionalism
(ix) New schools gave too much importance to plain dressing. Ornamentation was discouraged. This resulted in a plain and austere style of clothing for women.
(x) Moreover, gymnastics and games were included in the school curriculum for women, Thus in sports, women had to wear clothes that gave them freedom of movement. When they went to work they needed comfortable and convenient clothes. All these factors led to changes in clothes of women.
Suggest reasons why women in the nineteenth century India were obliged to continue wearing traditional Indian dress even when men switched over to the more convenient Western clothing. What does this show about the position of women in society?
(a) : The women in the nineteenth century India continued wearing traditional Indian dress because they were conservative Some people among the upper-classes opposed it C. Kesavan’s autobiography Jeevita Samaram recalls his mother-in-law's first encounter with a blouse gifted by her sister-in-law inRead more
(a) : The women in the nineteenth century India continued wearing traditional Indian dress because they were conservative Some people among the upper-classes opposed it C. Kesavan’s autobiography Jeevita Samaram recalls his mother-in-law’s first encounter with a blouse gifted by her sister-in-law in the late nineteenth century. In the encounter, she was told, “Take it off…. you want to walk around an unlike Muslim women?”
See less(ii) The women were confined to within the four walls of the house. They did not go out to work in offices. Their dress particularly sarees were comfortable. Attempts at devising a pan. Indian style also did not fully succed. Women of Gujarat Kodagu Kerala and Assam continued to wear different types of sari.
(iii) The caste system too restricted them to wear traditional dresses. It defined what subordinate and dominant caste Hindis should wear and eat. Changes in clothing styles, particularly among women, that threatened the norms often created violent social reactions as in the case of Shanar caste.
(b) status of women was low in the solely. There was gender inequality in India. Their sphere of duty was their home and lock after their children and other members of the Family. They were symbol of sacrifice and suffering who did everything for the welfare all the family. Their condition was miserable.
Give any two examples of the ways in which European dress codes were different from Indian dress codes.
Two examples of the ways in which European dress aides were different from Indian dress codes are is given below: (i) Turban and hat: The turban in India was not just for protection from the heat but was a sign of respectability, and could not be removed at will. In the European tradition, the bat hRead more
Two examples of the ways in which European dress aides were different from Indian dress codes are is given below:
See less(i) Turban and hat: The turban in India was not just for protection from the heat but was a sign of respectability, and could not be removed at will. In the European tradition, the bat had to be be moved before social superiors on Sun of respect. The British were often offended Indians did not take off their turban when they met colonial officials Many Indians on the other hand wore the turban lo consciously assert their regional or national identity
(ii) Wearing of shoes : At the beginning of the nineteenth century it was customary for British officials to follow Indian etiquette and remove their footwear in the courts of ruling kings or chiefs. In India, some British officials also won Indian clothes. In 1830, European were forbidden from wearing Indian clothes at official functions, so that the cultural identity of the white masters was not undermined. However, at the same time, the Indians were expected
to wear Indian clothes to office and follow their dress codes. In 1924-28. Governor General Amherst insisted that Indians should take off their shoes of a sign of respect when they appeared before him, but this Was not followed strictly Lord Dalhousie made ‘shoe respect’ stricter and Indians were made to take all their class when entering any government institution only those who wore European clothes were exempted from the rule This led lot a controversy. In 1862. Manockjee Cowasjee Entee, assessor in the Surat Fouzdaree Adawlut, refusd obey the shoe respect rule and was barred entry into the courtroom. The Indian- had scaled
that the taking, off shoes in place or home was due to two reasons: One the problem of me dirt an filthy has collected by the shoes on the road and secondly, the dirt and filth might lead pollution. The public buildings were differnt from sacred place and home, so shoe respect’ could not be obeyed. But it took many years before shoes were permitted into the courtroom.
What were the sumptuary laws in France?
(a) The sumptuary laws were the dress codes in France at the time of French Revolution. From about 1294, the people were expected to strictly follow these laws. The laws tried to control the behaviour of social inferiors, preventing them from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beveRead more
(a) The sumptuary laws were the dress codes in France at the time of French Revolution. From about 1294, the people were expected to strictly follow these laws. The laws tried to control the behaviour of social inferiors, preventing them from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beverages and hunting game in certain arese.
See less(b) Restrictions as mentioned below were imposed on certain classes:
(i) Only royalty could wear expensive materials like ermine and fur, or silk, velvet and brocade Other classes were debarred from clothing themselves with materials that were associated with the aristocracy.
(ii) The inferiors were debarred from hunting in certain areas. The French Revolution ended these restrictions Thus, in short, sumptuary laws were used to maintain social hierarchy.
Why traditional feminine clothes were criticised in America by the white settlers and which movements were started? What were its results?
(a) The traditional feminine clothes were criticised on the following grounds: (i) Long skirts swept the grounds and collected filth and dirt. This caused illness. (ii) The skirts were voluminous and difficult to handle. (iii) They hampered movement and prevented women from working and earning. (iv)Read more
(a) The traditional feminine clothes were criticised on the following grounds:
See less(i) Long skirts swept the grounds and collected filth and dirt. This caused illness.
(ii) The skirts were voluminous and difficult to handle.
(iii) They hampered movement and prevented women from working and earning.
(iv) It was stated that if clothes were comfortable and convenient, then women could work, earn their living, and become independent.
(b) In the 1870s, the National Women Suffrage Association headed by Mrs. Stanton, and the American Woman Suffrage Association dominated by Lucy Stone started the campaign for rational dress reform.
(c) Results : The reformers could not succeed immediately due to opposition from the conservatives who lamented that women who gave up traditional norms of dressing no longer looked beautiful, and lost their femininity and grace
Describe what changes in women’s clothing came about as a result of two World Wars.
The following changes in women's clothing came about as a result of two World Wars : (i) Many European women stopped wearing jewellery and luxurious clothes. (ii) Upper class women mixed with other classes. As a result of it, social barriers were eroded and women began to dress in similar ways. (iiiRead more
The following changes in women’s clothing came about as a result of two World Wars :
See less(i) Many European women stopped wearing jewellery and luxurious clothes.
(ii) Upper class women mixed with other classes. As a result of it, social barriers were eroded and women began to dress in similar ways.
(iii) During the war, women started working and by 1917, over 700,000 women in Britain were employed in ammunition factories. This necessitated a change in their dress because they had to wear a working uniform of blouse and trousers with accessories such as scarves. This was later on replaced by khaki overalls and caps.
(iv) Bright colours were discarded and sober colours were worn as the war continued. Thus, clothes became plainer and simpler.
(v) Skirts became shorter.
(vi) Trousers became a vital part of Western women’s clothing because it gave them greater freedom of movement.
(vii) Most important change was that women took to cutting their hair short for convenience.
(viii) By the twentieth century, a plain and sustere style came to reflect seriousness and professionalism
(ix) New schools gave too much importance to plain dressing. Ornamentation was discouraged. This resulted in a plain and austere style of clothing for women.
(x) Moreover, gymnastics and games were included in the school curriculum for women, Thus in sports, women had to wear clothes that gave them freedom of movement. When they went to work they needed comfortable and convenient clothes. All these factors led to changes in clothes of women.