If the Earth's radius shrinks by one percent while its mass remains unchanged, the acceleration due to gravity on the Earth's surface will increase. This is because gravity depends on both mass and the distance from the center of the Earth. With a smaller radius, the distance between the Earth's cenRead more
If the Earth’s radius shrinks by one percent while its mass remains unchanged, the acceleration due to gravity on the Earth’s surface will increase. This is because gravity depends on both mass and the distance from the center of the Earth. With a smaller radius, the distance between the Earth’s center and its surface decreases. As a result, the gravitational force experienced at the surface will be greater. This change means that objects would weigh slightly more than before, impacting everything from the movement of objects to the dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere.
g = GM/R³
As the radius of the earth decreases, the of g increases.
The mass of a body is a fundamental property that remains constant regardless of its location in the universe. Mass measures the amount of matter in an object and does not change whether the object is on Earth, in space, or on another celestial body. This constancy is crucial in physics, as it allowRead more
The mass of a body is a fundamental property that remains constant regardless of its location in the universe. Mass measures the amount of matter in an object and does not change whether the object is on Earth, in space, or on another celestial body. This constancy is crucial in physics, as it allows for the application of various principles and laws, such as Newton’s laws of motion.
Even when the body experiences different gravitational forces in different environments—like the Moon or Mars—the mass remains unchanged. For instance, a person weighing 70 kilograms on Earth would still have a mass of 70 kilograms in space, even though their weight would vary due to differing gravitational forces.
Moreover, the concept of mass is distinct from weight, which is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. As such, while weight can fluctuate based on gravitational influence, mass remains an intrinsic property.
This consistency allows scientists and engineers to make accurate calculations and predictions about the behavior of objects in various physical scenarios. Understanding that mass remains constant everywhere is fundamental in fields ranging from astrophysics to engineering, influencing how we approach problems related to force, motion, and energy.
For a planet moving around the Sun, angular momentum is a critical concept that remains conserved throughout its orbit. Angular momentum is a measure of the rotational motion of an object and is dependent on both the mass of the planet and its distance from the Sun, as well as its velocity. As the pRead more
For a planet moving around the Sun, angular momentum is a critical concept that remains conserved throughout its orbit. Angular momentum is a measure of the rotational motion of an object and is dependent on both the mass of the planet and its distance from the Sun, as well as its velocity. As the planet travels along its elliptical path, it experiences varying distances from the Sun, resulting in changes in its speed.
When a planet is closer to the Sun, it moves faster, and when it is farther away, it moves slower. Despite these changes in speed and distance, the total angular momentum of the planet remains constant, provided there are no external torques acting on it. This conservation principle is a result of the symmetry in the gravitational forces acting between the planet and the Sun.
The conservation of angular momentum has significant implications for understanding planetary motion, including the shape and stability of orbits. It explains why planets sweep out equal areas in equal times, a key observation made by Johannes Kepler. This principle not only applies to planets but also to moons, satellites, and other celestial bodies in orbit, highlighting the fundamental laws governing motion in the universe.
The relationship between a planet's orbital speed and its distance from the Sun is an essential aspect of celestial mechanics. As indicated by the equation, the orbital speed of a planet is inversely proportional to the square root of its distance from the Sun. This means that as the distance increaRead more
The relationship between a planet’s orbital speed and its distance from the Sun is an essential aspect of celestial mechanics. As indicated by the equation, the orbital speed of a planet is inversely proportional to the square root of its distance from the Sun. This means that as the distance increases, the orbital speed decreases.
Jupiter, being significantly farther from the Sun than Earth, experiences a lower gravitational pull relative to its distance. As a result, it travels at a slower orbital speed compared to Earth. While Earth orbits the Sun at a certain speed, Jupiter’s greater distance requires it to move more slowly to maintain a stable orbit.
This slower speed is a characteristic of all outer planets in our solar system, which tend to orbit at lower speeds compared to those closer to the Sun. Consequently, Jupiter’s longer orbital period reflects this slower speed, taking about 11.86 Earth years to complete one orbit around the Sun. Understanding this relationship helps explain the dynamics of planetary motion and the varying characteristics of planets based on their distances from the Sun.
Water is unsuitable for dousing fires involving electrical equipment due to several crucial reasons: 1. Conductivity Hazard: Water is an effective conductor of electricity. Its application on live electrical fires poses a grave risk of conducting electricity, potentially causing electrical shock orRead more
Water is unsuitable for dousing fires involving electrical equipment due to several crucial reasons:
1. Conductivity Hazard: Water is an effective conductor of electricity. Its application on live electrical fires poses a grave risk of conducting electricity, potentially causing electrical shock or short circuits, exacerbating the fire.
2. Electrocution Risk: Using water on live electrical sources increases the danger of electrocution for both firefighters and nearby individuals, posing a severe safety threat.
3. Equipment Damage: Water contact with live circuits can lead to irreparable damage to electrical equipment, resulting in equipment failure or further spread of the fire.
4. Effectiveness Concerns: Water might not effectively extinguish electrical fires as it fails to interrupt the electrical current or smother the fire adequately, allowing the fire to persist.
For electrical fires, employing non-conductive extinguishing agents like carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers designed explicitly for electrical fires is imperative. This ensures the safety of individuals and prevents additional damage to the equipment involved.
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) holds advantages over wood as a domestic fuel for several compelling reasons: 1. Cleaner Burning: LPG combustion is cleaner, emitting fewer pollutants like particulate matter and harmful gases, enhancing indoor air quality and reducing health risks compared to wood burnRead more
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) holds advantages over wood as a domestic fuel for several compelling reasons:
1. Cleaner Burning: LPG combustion is cleaner, emitting fewer pollutants like particulate matter and harmful gases, enhancing indoor air quality and reducing health risks compared to wood burning.
2. Convenience and Accessibility: LPG is readily available, portable, and easier to control than wood. It eliminates the laborious tasks of wood gathering, chopping, and storage, making it more convenient for household heating and cooking needs.
3. Consistency and Dependability: LPG provides consistent heat without variations in quality or moisture content, ensuring a more dependable and constant energy source than wood.
4. Environmental Impact: Wood burning contributes to deforestation. LPG usage reduces this impact by minimizing the pressure on forests, curbing deforestation and forest degradation.
5. Safety Measures: LPG poses fewer safety hazards in terms of handling, storage, and combustion compared to wood stoves or open fires, thereby reducing the risks of accidents, burns, or carbon monoxide exposure.
6. Efficiency: LPG appliances often boast higher energy conversion efficiency than traditional wood-burning stoves, utilizing the fuel’s energy content more effectively.
Collectively, LPG emerges as a preferred domestic fuel over wood due to its cleanliness, convenience, reliability, reduced environmental impact, safety considerations, and higher efficiency in catering to household energy requirements.
Paper itself catches fire easily due to its combustible nature and low ignition temperature. However, when enveloping an aluminum pipe, it becomes less prone to ignition for several reasons: 1. Heat Conductivity: Aluminum is an exceptional heat conductor. Wrapping paper around the pipe enables efficRead more
Paper itself catches fire easily due to its combustible nature and low ignition temperature. However, when enveloping an aluminum pipe, it becomes less prone to ignition for several reasons:
1. Heat Conductivity: Aluminum is an exceptional heat conductor. Wrapping paper around the pipe enables efficient heat dissipation, preventing the paper from reaching the critical temperature required for combustion.
2. Insulating Barrier: The aluminum surface acts as a protective barrier between the paper and potential heat sources, minimizing direct contact with sparks or flames that could ignite the paper.
3. Oxygen Restriction: Tightly wrapping paper around the aluminum pipe can limit the availability of oxygen, a crucial element for combustion, hindering the paper’s ignition process.
4. Surface Modification: Altering the paper’s surface area and thickness by wrapping it around the pipe changes its susceptibility to immediate ignition by reducing exposure to external ignition sources.
5. Protective Shield: The aluminum pipe serves as a shield, shielding the paper from direct contact with heat sources, offering an added layer of protection against rapid combustion.
In essence, the aluminum pipe, by dissipating heat, providing insulation, restricting oxygen, altering surface features, and acting as a protective shield, significantly reduces the likelihood of the paper catching fire compared to when it is exposed independently.
The unit used to express the calorific value of a fuel is "joules per kilogram" (J/kg) or "kilojoules per kilogram" (kJ/kg) in the International System of Units (SI). Alternatively, in specific systems of measurement, it might be indicated in "calories per gram" (cal/g) or "kilocalories per gram" (kRead more
The unit used to express the calorific value of a fuel is “joules per kilogram” (J/kg) or “kilojoules per kilogram” (kJ/kg) in the International System of Units (SI). Alternatively, in specific systems of measurement, it might be indicated in “calories per gram” (cal/g) or “kilocalories per gram” (kcal/g).
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) effectively controls fires due to its specific properties: 1. Suffocation Effect: CO₂ displaces oxygen, forming a layer over the fire that suffocates it. By replacing oxygen with CO₂, the fire lacks the necessary oxygen concentration to sustain combustion. 2. Oxygen Reduction: CRead more
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) effectively controls fires due to its specific properties:
1. Suffocation Effect: CO₂ displaces oxygen, forming a layer over the fire that suffocates it. By replacing oxygen with CO₂, the fire lacks the necessary oxygen concentration to sustain combustion.
2. Oxygen Reduction: CO₂ lowers the surrounding oxygen levels, preventing the fire from maintaining the oxygen needed for continued burning, effectively halting the combustion process.
3. Cooling Properties: Upon discharge, CO₂ expands rapidly, absorbing heat and creating a cooling effect. This action reduces the temperature of the fuel and the fire’s surroundings, impeding the fire’s ability to sustain itself.
4. Chemical Interruption: CO₂ can interfere with the combustion chain reaction, disrupting the process necessary for the fire’s propagation, acting as a chemical inhibitor.
In summary, carbon dioxide extinguishes fires by smothering flames, reducing oxygen availability, cooling the area, and interrupting the combustion chain reaction, collectively halting the fire’s progression.
The difference in flammability between green and dry leaves is primarily due to their moisture content: 1. Moisture Content: Green leaves contain a higher moisture level, acting as a natural barrier against ignition. The moisture absorbs heat, making it difficult for the leaves to reach their ignitiRead more
The difference in flammability between green and dry leaves is primarily due to their moisture content:
1. Moisture Content: Green leaves contain a higher moisture level, acting as a natural barrier against ignition. The moisture absorbs heat, making it difficult for the leaves to reach their ignition temperature.
2. Ignition Temperature: Dry leaves, with lower moisture content, have a lower ignition temperature. They readily ignite as the absence of moisture reduces the energy required for combustion.
3. Heat Absorption: Moisture in green leaves absorbs heat during the initial burning stages, diverting it away from the leaves and impeding rapid temperature increase necessary for ignition.
4. Combustible Components: Dry leaves contain flammable components like cellulose and lignin, enabling rapid oxidation and easier combustion when dry.
In summary, the higher moisture content in green leaves hinders ignition by absorbing heat, while dry leaves, with lower moisture and combustible components, readily reach their ignition temperature, making them more prone to catching fire.
If the radius of earth shrinks by one percent and its mass remaining the same, then acceleration due to gravity on the earth’s surface will
If the Earth's radius shrinks by one percent while its mass remains unchanged, the acceleration due to gravity on the Earth's surface will increase. This is because gravity depends on both mass and the distance from the center of the Earth. With a smaller radius, the distance between the Earth's cenRead more
If the Earth’s radius shrinks by one percent while its mass remains unchanged, the acceleration due to gravity on the Earth’s surface will increase. This is because gravity depends on both mass and the distance from the center of the Earth. With a smaller radius, the distance between the Earth’s center and its surface decreases. As a result, the gravitational force experienced at the surface will be greater. This change means that objects would weigh slightly more than before, impacting everything from the movement of objects to the dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere.
g = GM/R³
See lessAs the radius of the earth decreases, the of g increases.
If mass of a body is M on the earth surface, then the mass of the same body on the moon surface is
The mass of a body is a fundamental property that remains constant regardless of its location in the universe. Mass measures the amount of matter in an object and does not change whether the object is on Earth, in space, or on another celestial body. This constancy is crucial in physics, as it allowRead more
The mass of a body is a fundamental property that remains constant regardless of its location in the universe. Mass measures the amount of matter in an object and does not change whether the object is on Earth, in space, or on another celestial body. This constancy is crucial in physics, as it allows for the application of various principles and laws, such as Newton’s laws of motion.
Even when the body experiences different gravitational forces in different environments—like the Moon or Mars—the mass remains unchanged. For instance, a person weighing 70 kilograms on Earth would still have a mass of 70 kilograms in space, even though their weight would vary due to differing gravitational forces.
Moreover, the concept of mass is distinct from weight, which is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. As such, while weight can fluctuate based on gravitational influence, mass remains an intrinsic property.
See lessThis consistency allows scientists and engineers to make accurate calculations and predictions about the behavior of objects in various physical scenarios. Understanding that mass remains constant everywhere is fundamental in fields ranging from astrophysics to engineering, influencing how we approach problems related to force, motion, and energy.
For a planet moving around the sun in an elliptical orbit of semimajor and semiminor axes a and b respectively and period T.
For a planet moving around the Sun, angular momentum is a critical concept that remains conserved throughout its orbit. Angular momentum is a measure of the rotational motion of an object and is dependent on both the mass of the planet and its distance from the Sun, as well as its velocity. As the pRead more
For a planet moving around the Sun, angular momentum is a critical concept that remains conserved throughout its orbit. Angular momentum is a measure of the rotational motion of an object and is dependent on both the mass of the planet and its distance from the Sun, as well as its velocity. As the planet travels along its elliptical path, it experiences varying distances from the Sun, resulting in changes in its speed.
When a planet is closer to the Sun, it moves faster, and when it is farther away, it moves slower. Despite these changes in speed and distance, the total angular momentum of the planet remains constant, provided there are no external torques acting on it. This conservation principle is a result of the symmetry in the gravitational forces acting between the planet and the Sun.
The conservation of angular momentum has significant implications for understanding planetary motion, including the shape and stability of orbits. It explains why planets sweep out equal areas in equal times, a key observation made by Johannes Kepler. This principle not only applies to planets but also to moons, satellites, and other celestial bodies in orbit, highlighting the fundamental laws governing motion in the universe.
See lessThe orbital speed of jupiter is
The relationship between a planet's orbital speed and its distance from the Sun is an essential aspect of celestial mechanics. As indicated by the equation, the orbital speed of a planet is inversely proportional to the square root of its distance from the Sun. This means that as the distance increaRead more
The relationship between a planet’s orbital speed and its distance from the Sun is an essential aspect of celestial mechanics. As indicated by the equation, the orbital speed of a planet is inversely proportional to the square root of its distance from the Sun. This means that as the distance increases, the orbital speed decreases.
Jupiter, being significantly farther from the Sun than Earth, experiences a lower gravitational pull relative to its distance. As a result, it travels at a slower orbital speed compared to Earth. While Earth orbits the Sun at a certain speed, Jupiter’s greater distance requires it to move more slowly to maintain a stable orbit.
This slower speed is a characteristic of all outer planets in our solar system, which tend to orbit at lower speeds compared to those closer to the Sun. Consequently, Jupiter’s longer orbital period reflects this slower speed, taking about 11.86 Earth years to complete one orbit around the Sun. Understanding this relationship helps explain the dynamics of planetary motion and the varying characteristics of planets based on their distances from the Sun.
v₀ = √((GMₛᵤₙ)/(r))
See lessor v₀ ∝ 1/√r
Give reasons: Water is not used to control fires involving electrical equipment.
Water is unsuitable for dousing fires involving electrical equipment due to several crucial reasons: 1. Conductivity Hazard: Water is an effective conductor of electricity. Its application on live electrical fires poses a grave risk of conducting electricity, potentially causing electrical shock orRead more
Water is unsuitable for dousing fires involving electrical equipment due to several crucial reasons:
1. Conductivity Hazard: Water is an effective conductor of electricity. Its application on live electrical fires poses a grave risk of conducting electricity, potentially causing electrical shock or short circuits, exacerbating the fire.
2. Electrocution Risk: Using water on live electrical sources increases the danger of electrocution for both firefighters and nearby individuals, posing a severe safety threat.
3. Equipment Damage: Water contact with live circuits can lead to irreparable damage to electrical equipment, resulting in equipment failure or further spread of the fire.
4. Effectiveness Concerns: Water might not effectively extinguish electrical fires as it fails to interrupt the electrical current or smother the fire adequately, allowing the fire to persist.
For electrical fires, employing non-conductive extinguishing agents like carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers designed explicitly for electrical fires is imperative. This ensures the safety of individuals and prevents additional damage to the equipment involved.
See lessGive reasons: LPG is a better domestic fuel than wood.
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) holds advantages over wood as a domestic fuel for several compelling reasons: 1. Cleaner Burning: LPG combustion is cleaner, emitting fewer pollutants like particulate matter and harmful gases, enhancing indoor air quality and reducing health risks compared to wood burnRead more
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) holds advantages over wood as a domestic fuel for several compelling reasons:
1. Cleaner Burning: LPG combustion is cleaner, emitting fewer pollutants like particulate matter and harmful gases, enhancing indoor air quality and reducing health risks compared to wood burning.
2. Convenience and Accessibility: LPG is readily available, portable, and easier to control than wood. It eliminates the laborious tasks of wood gathering, chopping, and storage, making it more convenient for household heating and cooking needs.
3. Consistency and Dependability: LPG provides consistent heat without variations in quality or moisture content, ensuring a more dependable and constant energy source than wood.
4. Environmental Impact: Wood burning contributes to deforestation. LPG usage reduces this impact by minimizing the pressure on forests, curbing deforestation and forest degradation.
5. Safety Measures: LPG poses fewer safety hazards in terms of handling, storage, and combustion compared to wood stoves or open fires, thereby reducing the risks of accidents, burns, or carbon monoxide exposure.
6. Efficiency: LPG appliances often boast higher energy conversion efficiency than traditional wood-burning stoves, utilizing the fuel’s energy content more effectively.
Collectively, LPG emerges as a preferred domestic fuel over wood due to its cleanliness, convenience, reliability, reduced environmental impact, safety considerations, and higher efficiency in catering to household energy requirements.
See lessGive reasons: Paper by itself catches fire easily whereas a piece of paper wrapped around an aluminum pipe does not.
Paper itself catches fire easily due to its combustible nature and low ignition temperature. However, when enveloping an aluminum pipe, it becomes less prone to ignition for several reasons: 1. Heat Conductivity: Aluminum is an exceptional heat conductor. Wrapping paper around the pipe enables efficRead more
Paper itself catches fire easily due to its combustible nature and low ignition temperature. However, when enveloping an aluminum pipe, it becomes less prone to ignition for several reasons:
1. Heat Conductivity: Aluminum is an exceptional heat conductor. Wrapping paper around the pipe enables efficient heat dissipation, preventing the paper from reaching the critical temperature required for combustion.
2. Insulating Barrier: The aluminum surface acts as a protective barrier between the paper and potential heat sources, minimizing direct contact with sparks or flames that could ignite the paper.
3. Oxygen Restriction: Tightly wrapping paper around the aluminum pipe can limit the availability of oxygen, a crucial element for combustion, hindering the paper’s ignition process.
4. Surface Modification: Altering the paper’s surface area and thickness by wrapping it around the pipe changes its susceptibility to immediate ignition by reducing exposure to external ignition sources.
5. Protective Shield: The aluminum pipe serves as a shield, shielding the paper from direct contact with heat sources, offering an added layer of protection against rapid combustion.
In essence, the aluminum pipe, by dissipating heat, providing insulation, restricting oxygen, altering surface features, and acting as a protective shield, significantly reduces the likelihood of the paper catching fire compared to when it is exposed independently.
See lessName the unit in which the calorific value of a fuel is expressed.
The unit used to express the calorific value of a fuel is "joules per kilogram" (J/kg) or "kilojoules per kilogram" (kJ/kg) in the International System of Units (SI). Alternatively, in specific systems of measurement, it might be indicated in "calories per gram" (cal/g) or "kilocalories per gram" (kRead more
The unit used to express the calorific value of a fuel is “joules per kilogram” (J/kg) or “kilojoules per kilogram” (kJ/kg) in the International System of Units (SI). Alternatively, in specific systems of measurement, it might be indicated in “calories per gram” (cal/g) or “kilocalories per gram” (kcal/g).
See lessExplain how CO₂ is able to control fires.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) effectively controls fires due to its specific properties: 1. Suffocation Effect: CO₂ displaces oxygen, forming a layer over the fire that suffocates it. By replacing oxygen with CO₂, the fire lacks the necessary oxygen concentration to sustain combustion. 2. Oxygen Reduction: CRead more
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) effectively controls fires due to its specific properties:
1. Suffocation Effect: CO₂ displaces oxygen, forming a layer over the fire that suffocates it. By replacing oxygen with CO₂, the fire lacks the necessary oxygen concentration to sustain combustion.
2. Oxygen Reduction: CO₂ lowers the surrounding oxygen levels, preventing the fire from maintaining the oxygen needed for continued burning, effectively halting the combustion process.
3. Cooling Properties: Upon discharge, CO₂ expands rapidly, absorbing heat and creating a cooling effect. This action reduces the temperature of the fuel and the fire’s surroundings, impeding the fire’s ability to sustain itself.
4. Chemical Interruption: CO₂ can interfere with the combustion chain reaction, disrupting the process necessary for the fire’s propagation, acting as a chemical inhibitor.
In summary, carbon dioxide extinguishes fires by smothering flames, reducing oxygen availability, cooling the area, and interrupting the combustion chain reaction, collectively halting the fire’s progression.
See lessIt is difficult to burn a heap of green leaves but dry leaves catch fire easily. Explain.
The difference in flammability between green and dry leaves is primarily due to their moisture content: 1. Moisture Content: Green leaves contain a higher moisture level, acting as a natural barrier against ignition. The moisture absorbs heat, making it difficult for the leaves to reach their ignitiRead more
The difference in flammability between green and dry leaves is primarily due to their moisture content:
1. Moisture Content: Green leaves contain a higher moisture level, acting as a natural barrier against ignition. The moisture absorbs heat, making it difficult for the leaves to reach their ignition temperature.
2. Ignition Temperature: Dry leaves, with lower moisture content, have a lower ignition temperature. They readily ignite as the absence of moisture reduces the energy required for combustion.
3. Heat Absorption: Moisture in green leaves absorbs heat during the initial burning stages, diverting it away from the leaves and impeding rapid temperature increase necessary for ignition.
4. Combustible Components: Dry leaves contain flammable components like cellulose and lignin, enabling rapid oxidation and easier combustion when dry.
In summary, the higher moisture content in green leaves hinders ignition by absorbing heat, while dry leaves, with lower moisture and combustible components, readily reach their ignition temperature, making them more prone to catching fire.
See less