The various colors in a rainbow are produced by the dispersion of white light from the Sun. When white light passes through raindrops, it undergoes dispersion, separating into its component colors due to their different wavelengths.

Light is refracted through a transparent prism by passing through its three rectangular lateral surfaces. The triangular glass prism has two triangular bases and three rectangular lateral surfaces that are inclined to each other.

The study of light and its properties from the previous chapter is applied to understand optical phenomena in nature. For example, the dispersion of light explains rainbow formation, while Rayleigh scattering contributes to the blue color of the sky.

The total potential difference (V) across a combination of resistors in series is equal to the sum of potential differences (V1, V2, V3) across the individual resistors. In series circuits, the potential differences add up, reflecting the additive nature of ...

The application of Ohm’s law to combinations of resistors aims to understand and analyze the behavior of complex electrical circuits. Ohm’s law provides a fundamental relationship between current, voltage, and resistance, and its application to resistor combinations allows for the ...

The current through a conductor depends on its resistance and the potential difference across its ends. These factors were explored in the preceding sections when discussing simple electric circuits.

Tungsten is used almost exclusively for filaments in electric bulbs because it has a high melting point, allowing it to withstand the intense heat generated by the filament during illumination. On the other hand, copper and aluminium are chosen for ...

Alloys are favored for electrical heating devices because they do not oxidize (burn) readily at high temperatures. This property ensures their durability and stability during prolonged exposure to heat, making them ideal for applications in electric irons, toasters, and other ...