1. It is a mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them if they wish to do so. This mechanism is called Elections.

    It is a mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them if they wish to do so. This mechanism is called Elections.

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  2. In most democracies people rule through their representatives. Since it is not possible for everyone to have time and knowledge to take decisions on all matters, representation is needed.

    In most democracies people rule through their representatives. Since it is not possible for everyone to have time and knowledge to take decisions on all matters, representation is needed.

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  3. (i) By the mid-19th century, various Forests Acts were also being enacted in the different provinces. (ii) Through these Acts, some forests which produced commercially valuable timber like deodar or sal were declared ‘reserved’. (iii) No pastoralist was allowed to access these forests. (iv) other foRead more

    (i) By the mid-19th century, various Forests Acts were also being enacted in the different provinces.
    (ii) Through these Acts, some forests which produced commercially valuable timber like deodar or sal were declared ‘reserved’.
    (iii) No pastoralist was allowed to access these forests.
    (iv) other forests were classified as ‘protected’. In these, customary grazing rights of pastoralists were granted but their movement was severely restricted.
    (v) The colonial officials believed that grazing destroyed the saplings and young shoots of trees that germinated on the forest floor.
    (vi) The herds trampled over the saplings and ate away the shoots. This prevented new trees from growing.

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  4. Life of pastoral group of Rajasthan was affected by a number of factors. (i) They needed to calculate the timings of their movements, and ensure that they could move through different territories. (ii) They had to set up relationship with farmers on the way, so that the heads could graze in harvesteRead more

    Life of pastoral group of Rajasthan was affected by a number of factors.
    (i) They needed to calculate the timings of their movements, and ensure that they could move through different territories.
    (ii) They had to set up relationship with farmers on the way, so that the heads could graze in harvested fields and manure the soil.
    (iii) They combined a range of different activities – cultivation , trade and herding-to make their living.

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  5. (i) In the deserts of Rajasthan lived the Raikas' (ii) The rainfall in the region is less and uncertain. On cultivated land, harvest fluctuated every year. Over vast stretches, no crop could be grown. (iii) So the Raikas combined cultivation with pastoralism. (iv) During the monsoon, the Raikas of BRead more

    (i) In the deserts of Rajasthan lived the Raikas’
    (ii) The rainfall in the region is less and uncertain. On cultivated land, harvest fluctuated every year. Over vast stretches, no crop could be grown.
    (iii) So the Raikas combined cultivation with pastoralism.
    (iv) During the monsoon, the Raikas of Barmer, Jaisalmel, Jodhpur and Bikaner stayed in their home villages, where pasture was available.
    (v) By October, when grazing grounds were dry and exhausted, they moved out in search of other pastures and water, and returned again during the next monsoon.

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