1. (i) Most of the tools of cricket are made of natural, pre-industrial material. (ii) The bat is made of wood as are stumps and the bails. (iii) Even today, both bat and ball are handmade, not industrially manufactured. (iv) Earlier, the bat was cut out of a single piece of wood but now it consists ofRead more

    (i) Most of the tools of cricket are made of natural, pre-industrial material.
    (ii) The bat is made of wood as are stumps and the bails.
    (iii) Even today, both bat and ball are handmade, not industrially manufactured.
    (iv) Earlier, the bat was cut out of a single piece of wood but now it consists of two pieces-the blade made out of the wood of willow tree and the handle is made up of cane.

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  2. (i) It became common to pitch the ball through the air, rather than roll it along the ground. (ii) This gave the bowlers the options of length, deception through the air and increased pace. (iii) It also opened new possibilities for spin and swing. (iv) In response, batsmen had to master timing andRead more

    (i) It became common to pitch the ball through the air, rather than roll it along the ground.
    (ii) This gave the bowlers the options of length, deception through the air and increased pace.
    (iii) It also opened new possibilities for spin and swing.
    (iv) In response, batsmen had to master timing and shot selection. One immediate result was the replacement of carved bat with the straight one.
    (v) The weight of the ball was limited between 5¹/ ² to 5³/⁴ ounces, and the width of the bat to four inches.
    (vi) In 1774 the first leg-before law was published.
    (vii) A third stump was also introduced.
    (viii) By 1780, three days had become the length of a major match and the first six-seam cricket ball was also introduced.

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  3. (i) The first written 'Laws of Cricket' were drawn up in 1744. (ii) They decided to have two gentlemen as two umpires, who would decide all the disputes. (iii) The stumps must be 22 inches high and the bails across them 6 inches. (iv) The ball must be of 5 and 6 ounces and the two sets of stumps 22Read more

    (i) The first written ‘Laws of Cricket’ were drawn up in 1744.
    (ii) They decided to have two gentlemen as two umpires, who would decide all the disputes.
    (iii) The stumps must be 22 inches high and the bails across them 6 inches.
    (iv) The ball must be of 5 and 6 ounces and the two sets of stumps 22 yards apart.
    (v) There were no limits on the shape or size of the bat.

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  4. (i) Quicklime - calcium oxide (li) Slaked lime - calcium hydroxide CaO + H₂O ⟶ Ca(OH)₂ It is a combination reaction.

    (i) Quicklime – calcium oxide
    (li) Slaked lime – calcium hydroxide
    CaO + H₂O ⟶ Ca(OH)₂
    It is a combination reaction.

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  5. When an electric current flows through a conductor, the conductor offers some resistance for the current flow-. As a result, some electrical energy is consumed to do work for overcoming this resistance. The electrical energy consumed reappears as heat energy and the conductor becomes hot. The heat pRead more

    When an electric current flows through a conductor, the conductor offers some resistance for the current flow-. As a result, some electrical energy is consumed to do work for overcoming this resistance. The electrical energy consumed reappears as heat energy and the conductor becomes hot.
    The heat produced in a conductor depends upon (i) the resistance R of the conductor, (ii) the amount of current l flowing through the conductor, and (iii) the time t for which electric current is flown. In this context joule derived Joule’s law of heating, according to which, the heat produced H= I²Rt
    If for same current flow the resistance of the circuit is doubled then in accordance with joule’s law the amount of heat produced is also doubled.

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