: This cryptic message was sent to Peshwa Balaji Bajirao to inform him of the catastrophic defeat at Panipat in 1761. The “two pearls” referred to the Peshwa’s son Vishwas Rao and cousin Sadashiv Rao Bhau, while the “27 gold ...
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During the Panipat campaign, Sadashiv Rao Bhau faced a severe financial crisis and could not pay his massive army. To raise funds, he ordered the removal of the silver ceiling from the Diwan-i-Aam in Delhi’s Red Fort. Despite the immense ...
Raghunath Rao, the younger brother of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao, led the Maratha expedition into North India that successfully captured Punjab. His forces took Lahore and drove out the agents of Ahmad Shah Abdali. This campaign famously pushed the Maratha frontier ...
Raghoji Bhonsle, the ruler of Nagpur, led a series of successful invasions into Eastern India. For a decade, his forces harassed the Nawab of Bengal, Alivardi Khan. Eventually, in 1751, a treaty was signed where the Nawab ceded Odisha to ...
The Sangola Treaty of 1750 was a landmark constitutional shift. It officially transferred real executive power from the Chhatrapati at Satara to the Peshwa at Pune. The Chhatrapati became a titular head, while the Peshwa was recognized as the supreme ...