Mahmud Ghaznavi invaded India seventeen times between 1000 CE and 1027 CE. His campaigns targeted wealthy temples and kingdoms, especially in Punjab and Gujarat. The most famous attack was on the Somnath Temple. These invasions were mainly motivated by the ...
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Iltutmish was one of the most prominent rulers of the Slave Dynasty, also known as the Mamluk Dynasty. He consolidated the Delhi Sultanate after Qutbuddin Aibak’s death and completed several major administrative reforms. Iltutmish also introduced the Iqtadari system and ...
Ibn Battuta, the famous Moroccan traveler, came to India during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. He was appointed the Qazi (judge) of Delhi and later sent as an ambassador to China. His book Rihla provides detailed accounts of Tughlaq’s ...
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the founder and first Sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty. He established a disciplined administration, built the fortified city Tughlaqabad and worked to strengthen the empire’s economy. His reign marked a transition from the Khilji period’s aggressive expansion ...
“Inam” land grants were awarded mainly to scholars, religious leaders, and learned individuals as a reward for their services. These grants were usually tax-free and were intended to support education, religious activities, and scholarship. The beneficiaries were expected to use ...