1. (i) Rajasthan is among the states working on land restoration. It has adopted techniques such as contour bunding, afforestation and other soil conservation measures to reduce erosion and improve soil fertility in degraded areas. (ii) Two major human-induced causes of land degradation in India are: ORead more

    (i) Rajasthan is among the states working on land restoration. It has adopted techniques such as contour bunding, afforestation and other soil conservation measures to reduce erosion and improve soil fertility in degraded areas.

    (ii) Two major human-induced causes of land degradation in India are:

    • Overgrazing: Continuous grazing by livestock destroys vegetation cover, leaving soil exposed to wind and water erosion.
    • Over-irrigation: Excessive irrigation causes waterlogging and salinity, particularly in areas like Punjab and Haryana, lowering soil fertility and productivity.

    (iii) Under its commitment to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), India has set a national target to restore 26 million hectares of degraded land by 2030 through sustainable land management practices.

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  2. The BJP’s ideology is rooted in cultural nationalism (Hindutva), promoting unity through India’s traditional values and heritage. It also supports a policy framework discouraging religious conversions. However, the idea of integrating Tibet with India is not part of its political agenda. Therefore,Read more

    The BJP’s ideology is rooted in cultural nationalism (Hindutva), promoting unity through India’s traditional values and heritage. It also supports a policy framework discouraging religious conversions. However, the idea of integrating Tibet with India is not part of its political agenda. Therefore, statements I and III are correct, while II is incorrect. Correct Option: (c) I and III

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  3. The subject of education lies in the Concurrent List, where both Central and State Governments share legislative powers. Therefore, the Central Government can introduce and implement an education policy even if a state disagrees. In case of any conflict between the two, the Central law overrides theRead more

    The subject of education lies in the Concurrent List, where both Central and State Governments share legislative powers. Therefore, the Central Government can introduce and implement an education policy even if a state disagrees. In case of any conflict between the two, the Central law overrides the State law, ensuring uniformity and coordination in educational reforms nationwide. Correct Option: (a) Yes, because education is a Concurrent List Subject.

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  4. Power sharing is desirable because it distributes decision-making so diverse groups feel represented, lowering grievances and conflict. Constitutional arrangements—like federal divisions, local self-government, autonomous regions and reserved representation—act as checks that stop one community fromRead more

    Power sharing is desirable because it distributes decision-making so diverse groups feel represented, lowering grievances and conflict. Constitutional arrangements—like federal divisions, local self-government, autonomous regions and reserved representation—act as checks that stop one community from ruling alone. Real-world examples (e.g., Belgium’s federal reforms, India’s decentralisation) show these mechanisms promote stability; hence R is the correct explanation of A.

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  5. India’s falling per capita water availability has caused widespread water stress, especially in rural areas. Overuse and population pressure have lowered groundwater levels, reducing irrigation and crop yields. This decline in agricultural productivity weakens rural economies and livelihoods, compelRead more

    India’s falling per capita water availability has caused widespread water stress, especially in rural areas. Overuse and population pressure have lowered groundwater levels, reducing irrigation and crop yields. This decline in agricultural productivity weakens rural economies and livelihoods, compelling farmers to migrate to cities, creating socioeconomic challenges and threatening sustainable development. Correct Option is (c).

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