1. In a textbook, a cyclone is usually drawn as a series of concentric circles called isobars. In reality, these systems are flexible. Tropical cyclones (like hurricanes) tend to be more perfectly circular because they are fueled by a single warm air mass. Temperate cyclones, which form between 30° andRead more

    In a textbook, a cyclone is usually drawn as a series of concentric circles called isobars. In reality, these systems are flexible. Tropical cyclones (like hurricanes) tend to be more perfectly circular because they are fueled by a single warm air mass. Temperate cyclones, which form between 30° and 60° latitude, are often oval or “V-shaped” because they are being stretched by the meeting of different air masses. Regardless of the specific geometry, the shape always represents a closed loop of low pressure where the winds are being funneled toward the center.

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  2. The "eye" is a unique feature of intense cyclones. As the winds spiral inward and upward at high speeds, they create a hole in the middle where air actually sinks down from the top of the atmosphere. Because sinking air prevents clouds from forming, the eye can be strangely sunny and peaceful. It isRead more

    The “eye” is a unique feature of intense cyclones. As the winds spiral inward and upward at high speeds, they create a hole in the middle where air actually sinks down from the top of the atmosphere. Because sinking air prevents clouds from forming, the eye can be strangely sunny and peaceful. It is typically 30 to 60 kilometers wide. However, the eye is surrounded by the “eyewall,” which is the most dangerous part of the storm with the highest wind speeds and heaviest rain. For anyone on the ground, the arrival of the eye is a signal that the second half of the storm is coming.

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  3. While all cyclones are low-pressure systems, only tropical cyclones typically develop a true "eye." This is because tropical cyclones are thermally direct—they get their energy from the heat of the ocean. This energy creates such a powerful and fast-spinning vortex that centrifugal force and sinkingRead more

    While all cyclones are low-pressure systems, only tropical cyclones typically develop a true “eye.” This is because tropical cyclones are thermally direct—they get their energy from the heat of the ocean. This energy creates such a powerful and fast-spinning vortex that centrifugal force and sinking air combined create that famous calm center. Anticyclones, by contrast, are high-pressure systems and do not have eyes. The presence of a clear eye on a satellite image is the primary indicator that a tropical storm has reached high intensity and has become a dangerous hurricane or typhoon.

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  4. In the hot and humid regions of West Africa, the air can often feel heavy and uncomfortable. When the Harmattan blows during the winter months, it brings a dry, parched air mass from the desert. Even though it carries some dust, people call it the "doctor" because it makes the environment feel muchRead more

    In the hot and humid regions of West Africa, the air can often feel heavy and uncomfortable. When the Harmattan blows during the winter months, it brings a dry, parched air mass from the desert. Even though it carries some dust, people call it the “doctor” because it makes the environment feel much fresher. High humidity often allows diseases and mosquitoes to thrive, so the arrival of this dry wind is seen as a healing event that improves public health and comfort. It is a great example of a wind that is welcomed by the local people.

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  5. The Guinea coast of Africa is famous for its tropical climate, which means it is almost always very damp and hot. The Harmattan wind changes this by bringing air that has very little water in it. As this dry wind moves in from the north, it soaks up the excess moisture in the air. This "drying out"Read more

    The Guinea coast of Africa is famous for its tropical climate, which means it is almost always very damp and hot. The Harmattan wind changes this by bringing air that has very little water in it. As this dry wind moves in from the north, it soaks up the excess moisture in the air. This “drying out” effect is what provides the relief. Students should remember that while the wind is dusty, its ability to lower humidity is why it is so famous in this specific part of Africa for changing the daily weather for the better.

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