1. Monsoon winds are caused by the temperature difference between land and ocean. In summer, land heats faster than water, creating a low-pressure area over India and high pressure over the ocean. Moist winds from the ocean move towards the land, rising and condensing to bring heavy rainfall. In winterRead more

    Monsoon winds are caused by the temperature difference between land and ocean. In summer, land heats faster than water, creating a low-pressure area over India and high pressure over the ocean. Moist winds from the ocean move towards the land, rising and condensing to bring heavy rainfall. In winter, the land cools quickly, forming high pressure, while the ocean remains relatively warmer. This reverses the wind direction, sending dry winds from land to sea, leading to dry winter conditions.

     

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  2. ‘Monsoon’ is derived from the Arabic word mausim, which means ‘season’. The term originally described the seasonal winds over the Indian Ocean, including those affecting South Asia, Africa and Australia. In India, the word now commonly refers to the rainy season brought by these winds. Monsoons areRead more

    ‘Monsoon’ is derived from the Arabic word mausim, which means ‘season’. The term originally described the seasonal winds over the Indian Ocean, including those affecting South Asia, Africa and Australia. In India, the word now commonly refers to the rainy season brought by these winds. Monsoons are crucial for farming, water supply and the overall economy. They bring vital rain during summer months and influence the weather cycle, culture and traditions across the Indian subcontinent.

     

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  3. Microclimates impact the environment by creating unique conditions in small areas. Different plant and animal species adapt to specific temperature, humidity and rainfall levels. For example, shaded valleys may support dense forests, while nearby open fields remain dry. Microclimates also influenceRead more

    Microclimates impact the environment by creating unique conditions in small areas. Different plant and animal species adapt to specific temperature, humidity and rainfall levels. For example, shaded valleys may support dense forests, while nearby open fields remain dry. Microclimates also influence human health—hot, humid microclimates may increase the risk of heatstroke or waterborne diseases. Conversely, cooler microclimates can improve comfort and reduce energy use. Understanding microclimates helps plan agriculture, housing and healthcare in different regions.

     

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  4. Urban heat islands form when cities, filled with buildings, roads and pavements, absorb and store heat during the day and release it slowly at night. This raises the temperature in urban areas compared to nearby rural zones. The lack of vegetation, widespread use of air conditioning and heat emittedRead more

    Urban heat islands form when cities, filled with buildings, roads and pavements, absorb and store heat during the day and release it slowly at night. This raises the temperature in urban areas compared to nearby rural zones. The lack of vegetation, widespread use of air conditioning and heat emitted from vehicles and industries worsen the effect. Urban areas also trap pollution, which adds to the warming. This localized climate change impacts health, energy use and environmental quality in cities.

     

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  5. India's climate diversity stems from its geographical variations and large landmass. The Himalayan mountains in the north have an alpine climate, while the southern regions experience a tropical climate. Coastal areas have moderate climates and the interior regions face extreme temperatures. FactorsRead more

    India’s climate diversity stems from its geographical variations and large landmass. The Himalayan mountains in the north have an alpine climate, while the southern regions experience a tropical climate. Coastal areas have moderate climates and the interior regions face extreme temperatures. Factors like latitude, altitude, proximity to oceans, wind patterns and topography contribute to this diversity. This leads to distinct climatic zones across India, making it one of the most climatically varied countries in the world.

     

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