1. The following changes in women's clothing came about as a result of two World Wars: (i) Many European women stopped wearing jewellery and luxurious clothes. (ii) Upper class women mixed with other classes. As a result of it, social barriers were eroded and women began to dress in similar ways. (iii)Read more

    The following changes in women’s clothing came about as a result of two World Wars:
    (i) Many European women stopped wearing jewellery and luxurious clothes.
    (ii) Upper class women mixed with other classes. As a result of it, social barriers were eroded and women began to dress in similar ways.
    (iii) During the war, women started working and by 1917, over 700,000 women in Britain were employed in ammunition factories. This necessitated a change in their dress because they had to wear a working uniform of blouse and trousers with accessories such as scarves. This was later on replaced by khaki overalls and caps.
    (iv) Bright colours were discarded and sober colours were worn as the war continued. Thus, clothes became plainer and simpler.
    (v) Skirts became shorter.
    (vi) Trousers became a vital part of Western women’s clothing because it gave them greater freedom of movement.
    (vii) Most important change was that women took to cutting their hair short for convenience.
    (viii) By the twentieth century, a plain and austere style came to reflect seriousness and professionalism
    (ix) New schools gave too much importance to plain dressing. Ornamentation was discouraged. This resulted in a plain and austere style of clothing for women
    (x) Moreover, gymnastics and games were included in the school curriculum for women, Thus in sports, women had to wear clothes that gave them freedom of movement. When they went to work they needed comfortable and convenient clothes. All these factors led to changes in clothes of women.

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  2. (a) The traditional feminine clothes were criticised on the following grounds: (i) Long skirts swept the grounds and collected filth and dirt. This caused illness. (ii) The skirts were voluminous and difficult to handle. (iii) They hampered movement and prevented women from working and earning. (iv)Read more

    (a) The traditional feminine clothes were criticised on the following grounds:
    (i) Long skirts swept the grounds and collected filth and dirt. This caused illness.
    (ii) The skirts were voluminous and difficult to handle.
    (iii) They hampered movement and prevented women from working and earning.
    (iv) It was stated that if clothes were comfortable and convenient, then women could work, earn their living, and become independent.
    (b) In the 1870s, the National Women Suffrage Association headed by Mrs. Stanton, and the American Woman Suffrage Association dominated by Lucy Stone started the campaign for rational dress reform.
    (c) Results: The reformers could not succeed immediately due to opposition from the conservatives who lamented that women who gave up traditional norms of dressing no longer looked beautiful, and lost their femininity and grace.

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  3. It is easy to say that people should have a positive attitude towards diversity and a willingness to accommodate ii but difficult to implement in practice. People who are the sufferers try to fight against injustice. Take any example of social divisions and the fact will be that those who are discriRead more

    It is easy to say that people should have a positive attitude towards diversity and a willingness to accommodate ii but difficult to implement in practice. People who are the sufferers try to fight against injustice. Take any example of social divisions and the fact will be that those who are discriminated in the society or elsewhere have fought to get justice. In South Africa, Nelson Mandela and others fought against the white minority government. The disadvantaged or discriminated or poor people adopt democratic means as well as violent means against inequalities. Such people who-have struggled and suffered cannot adopt a positive
    attitude unless their grievances are removed. However, democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and also to accommodate diversity because in democracy people can voice their demands in a peaceful and constitutional way. They can be in a better position by electing candidates of their choice in elections because such candidates will protect their interests.

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  4. (i) The assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger because in a democracy, political expression of social divisions is very normal and can be Healthy. This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the governmRead more

    (i) The assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger because in a democracy, political expression of social divisions is very normal and can be Healthy. This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the government to attend to these.
    (ii) Expression of various kinds of social divisions in politics often results in their cancelling one another out and thus reducing their intensity. This leads to strengthening of a democracy.

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  5. People should multiple identities because this helps them to stay together. For example in India, people think that-they are Indian as well as Tamilian, Punjabi or Haryanvi. In this way, their national identity l.e., Indian comes first and the other identity based on their state or language becomesRead more

    People should multiple identities because this helps them to stay together. For
    example in India, people think that-they are Indian as well as Tamilian, Punjabi or Haryanvi. In this way, their national identity l.e., Indian comes first and the other identity based on their state or language becomes complimentary to the first identity. This has been proved during the wars with Pakistan or disasters like Tsunami when people were united to face such crises.

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