1. Thomson used the analogy of a "plum pudding" or "raisin bun" to explain the distribution of positive charge in his atomic model, where the positively charged matrix resembled the dough and the electrons were the raisins.

    Thomson used the analogy of a “plum pudding” or “raisin bun” to explain the distribution of positive charge in his atomic model, where the positively charged matrix resembled the dough and the electrons were the raisins.

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  2. The small fraction of α-particles deflected suggested that the positive charge within the atom is concentrated in a tiny nucleus, compared to the overall size of the atom, indicating a dense and central core.

    The small fraction of α-particles deflected suggested that the positive charge within the atom is concentrated in a tiny nucleus, compared to the overall size of the atom, indicating a dense and central core.

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  3. The majority of α-particles passed through the gold foil with minimal deflection, indicating vast regions of empty space within the atom. This suggested that atoms are mostly empty, with dense nuclei at their centers.

    The majority of α-particles passed through the gold foil with minimal deflection, indicating vast regions of empty space within the atom. This suggested that atoms are mostly empty, with dense nuclei at their centers.

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  4. Rutherford observed that the majority of α-particles passed through the gold foil with minimal deflection, suggesting that most of the atom is empty space and the positive charge is concentrated in a small nucleus.

    Rutherford observed that the majority of α-particles passed through the gold foil with minimal deflection, suggesting that most of the atom is empty space and the positive charge is concentrated in a small nucleus.

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  5. Rutherford concluded that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus, as evidenced by the deflection of some α-particles at large angles, indicating interactions with a concentrated positive charge, while most passed through, suggesting the atom is mostly empty space.

    Rutherford concluded that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus, as evidenced by the deflection of some α-particles at large angles, indicating interactions with a concentrated positive charge, while most passed through, suggesting the atom is mostly empty space.

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