(i) All villagers had access to the commons. (ii) Here, they pastured their cows and grazed their sheep. (iii) They collected fuelwood for fire and berries and fruits for food. (iv) They fished in the rivers and ponds and hunted rabbits in common forests. (v) For the poor, the common land was essentRead more
(i) All villagers had access to the commons.
(ii) Here, they pastured their cows and grazed their sheep.
(iii) They collected fuelwood for fire and berries and fruits for food.
(iv) They fished in the rivers and ponds and hunted rabbits in common forests.
(v) For the poor, the common land was essential for survival.
(vi) It supplemented their meagre income, sustained their cattle and helped
them during bad times when crops failed.
(i) Earlier, it was common for labourers to live with landowners. They were at the master's table and helped their master through the year, doing a variety of jobs. (ii) By 1800, this practice began to disappear. Labourers were being paid wages and employed only during harvest times. (iii) As landowRead more
(i) Earlier, it was common for labourers to live with landowners. They were
at the master’s table and helped their master through the year, doing a
variety of jobs.
(ii) By 1800, this practice began to disappear. Labourers were being paid
wages and employed only during harvest times.
(iii) As landowners tried to increase their profits, they cut the amount they
had to spend on other workmen. Workers became insecure, employment
uncertain and income unstable. For a very large part of the veal, the
poor had no work.
(i) Riot spread all over southern England and near about 387 threshing machines were broken. (ii) Through this period, farmers received threatening letters urging them to stop using machines that deprived workmen of their- livelihood. (iii) Most of these letters were signed in the name of Captain SwRead more
(i) Riot spread all over southern England and near about 387 threshing
machines were broken.
(ii) Through this period, farmers received threatening letters urging them
to stop using machines that deprived workmen of their- livelihood.
(iii) Most of these letters were signed in the name of Captain Swing, who was
supposed to support the farmers to destroy threshing machines’
(i) The British would procure opium at cheap rates. They would sell it at a high price to the opium agents in calcutta, who then shipped it to China. (ii) This difference between the buying and selling price was the government,s opium revenue. (iii) The prices given to the peasants were so low thatRead more
(i) The British would procure opium at cheap rates. They would sell it at
a high price to the opium agents in calcutta, who then shipped it to
China.
(ii) This difference between the buying and selling price was the government,s
opium revenue.
(iii) The prices given to the peasants were so low that by the early 18th
century, angry peasants began agitating for higher prices and refused to
take advances.
(iv) some cultivators around Benaras stopped cultivating opium and started
producing sugarcane and potato instead. some cultivators sold off their
opium crop to travelling traders called pykars, who offered them higher prices.
(i) The Western merchants could buy tea only by paving in silver coins or bullion. (ii) It meant outflows of treasure from England, as it would deplete the wealth of the nation. (iii) The merchants therefore looked for ways to stop this loss of silver. (iv) They searched for a commodity they could sRead more
(i) The Western merchants could buy tea only by paving in silver coins or bullion.
(ii) It meant outflows of treasure from England, as it would deplete the
wealth of the nation.
(iii) The merchants therefore looked for ways to stop this loss of silver.
(iv) They searched for a commodity they could sell in China, something they
could persuade the chinese to buy. so, opium was one such commodity.
(i) In the late 18th century, the English East India Company was buying tea and silk from China for sale in England. (ii) But England at that time produced nothing that could be easily sold in China. (iii) The Confucian rulers of China, the Manchus were suspicious of all foreign merchants. (iv) TheyRead more
(i) In the late 18th century, the English East India Company was buying tea
and silk from China for sale in England.
(ii) But England at that time produced nothing that could be easily sold in China.
(iii) The Confucian rulers of China, the Manchus were suspicious of all
foreign merchants.
(iv) They feared that the merchants would interfere in the local politics and
disrupt their authority.
So, the Manchus rulers were not willing to allow the entry of foreign
goods into China.
(i) In the early 19th century, indigo and opium were two of the major commercial crops. (ii) By the end of the century, peasants were producing' sugarcane, cotton, jute, wheat and several other crops for export. (iii) These crops were produced to feed the population of urban Europe and to supply toRead more
(i) In the early 19th century, indigo and opium were two of the major
commercial crops.
(ii) By the end of the century, peasants were producing’ sugarcane, cotton,
jute, wheat and several other crops for export.
(iii) These crops were produced to feed the population of urban Europe and
to supply to the mills of Lancashire and Manchester in England.
(i) Cattle were suffocated to death as their lungs choked with dust and mud. (ii) Sand buried fences, covered fields and coated the surfaces of rivers till the fish died. (iii) Dead bodies of birds and animals were seen strewn all over the landscape. (iv) Machines like tractors and harvesters were cRead more
(i) Cattle were suffocated to death as their lungs choked with dust and
mud.
(ii) Sand buried fences, covered fields and coated the surfaces of rivers till
the fish died.
(iii) Dead bodies of birds and animals were seen strewn all over the landscape.
(iv) Machines like tractors and harvesters were clogged with dust and
damaged beyond repair.
In the 1930s, terrifying duststorms began to blow over the southern plains. These were the black blizzards, about 7,000 to 8,000 feet high, rising like monstrous waves. The skies darkened and people were blinded and choked by the dust.
In the 1930s, terrifying duststorms began to blow over the southern plains.
These were the black blizzards, about 7,000 to 8,000 feet high, rising like
monstrous waves. The skies darkened and people were blinded and choked
by the dust.
(i) The prices of wheat were high and demand was limitless, the new machines helped farmers to rapidly clear large tracts, break up the soil, remove the grass and prepare the ground for cultivation. (ii) Now the work could be done quickly and with a minimum number of hands. (iii) With power'-drivenRead more
(i) The prices of wheat were high and demand was limitless, the new
machines helped farmers to rapidly clear large tracts, break up the soil,
remove the grass and prepare the ground for cultivation.
(ii) Now the work could be done quickly and with a minimum number of
hands.
(iii) With power’-driven machines, farmers could plough, seed and harvest
2,000 to 4,000 acres of wheat in a season.
What does ‘common land’ mean to the English countryside peasant ?
(i) All villagers had access to the commons. (ii) Here, they pastured their cows and grazed their sheep. (iii) They collected fuelwood for fire and berries and fruits for food. (iv) They fished in the rivers and ponds and hunted rabbits in common forests. (v) For the poor, the common land was essentRead more
(i) All villagers had access to the commons.
See less(ii) Here, they pastured their cows and grazed their sheep.
(iii) They collected fuelwood for fire and berries and fruits for food.
(iv) They fished in the rivers and ponds and hunted rabbits in common forests.
(v) For the poor, the common land was essential for survival.
(vi) It supplemented their meagre income, sustained their cattle and helped
them during bad times when crops failed.
How did the condition of secured labourers become insecure ?
(i) Earlier, it was common for labourers to live with landowners. They were at the master's table and helped their master through the year, doing a variety of jobs. (ii) By 1800, this practice began to disappear. Labourers were being paid wages and employed only during harvest times. (iii) As landowRead more
(i) Earlier, it was common for labourers to live with landowners. They were
See lessat the master’s table and helped their master through the year, doing a
variety of jobs.
(ii) By 1800, this practice began to disappear. Labourers were being paid
wages and employed only during harvest times.
(iii) As landowners tried to increase their profits, they cut the amount they
had to spend on other workmen. Workers became insecure, employment
uncertain and income unstable. For a very large part of the veal, the
poor had no work.
Why were threshing machines opposed by some labourers ?
(i) Riot spread all over southern England and near about 387 threshing machines were broken. (ii) Through this period, farmers received threatening letters urging them to stop using machines that deprived workmen of their- livelihood. (iii) Most of these letters were signed in the name of Captain SwRead more
(i) Riot spread all over southern England and near about 387 threshing
See lessmachines were broken.
(ii) Through this period, farmers received threatening letters urging them
to stop using machines that deprived workmen of their- livelihood.
(iii) Most of these letters were signed in the name of Captain Swing, who was
supposed to support the farmers to destroy threshing machines’
why did Indian peasants begin to agitate against the low prices of opium ?
(i) The British would procure opium at cheap rates. They would sell it at a high price to the opium agents in calcutta, who then shipped it to China. (ii) This difference between the buying and selling price was the government,s opium revenue. (iii) The prices given to the peasants were so low thatRead more
(i) The British would procure opium at cheap rates. They would sell it at
See lessa high price to the opium agents in calcutta, who then shipped it to
China.
(ii) This difference between the buying and selling price was the government,s
opium revenue.
(iii) The prices given to the peasants were so low that by the early 18th
century, angry peasants began agitating for higher prices and refused to
take advances.
(iv) some cultivators around Benaras stopped cultivating opium and started
producing sugarcane and potato instead. some cultivators sold off their
opium crop to travelling traders called pykars, who offered them higher prices.
How could the western merchants balance their trade with china ?
(i) The Western merchants could buy tea only by paving in silver coins or bullion. (ii) It meant outflows of treasure from England, as it would deplete the wealth of the nation. (iii) The merchants therefore looked for ways to stop this loss of silver. (iv) They searched for a commodity they could sRead more
(i) The Western merchants could buy tea only by paving in silver coins or bullion.
See less(ii) It meant outflows of treasure from England, as it would deplete the
wealth of the nation.
(iii) The merchants therefore looked for ways to stop this loss of silver.
(iv) They searched for a commodity they could sell in China, something they
could persuade the chinese to buy. so, opium was one such commodity.
why were the Manchus rulers not willing to allow the entry of foreign goods into China ?
(i) In the late 18th century, the English East India Company was buying tea and silk from China for sale in England. (ii) But England at that time produced nothing that could be easily sold in China. (iii) The Confucian rulers of China, the Manchus were suspicious of all foreign merchants. (iv) TheyRead more
(i) In the late 18th century, the English East India Company was buying tea
See lessand silk from China for sale in England.
(ii) But England at that time produced nothing that could be easily sold in China.
(iii) The Confucian rulers of China, the Manchus were suspicious of all
foreign merchants.
(iv) They feared that the merchants would interfere in the local politics and
disrupt their authority.
So, the Manchus rulers were not willing to allow the entry of foreign
goods into China.
Which crops were grown in India for the world market ?
(i) In the early 19th century, indigo and opium were two of the major commercial crops. (ii) By the end of the century, peasants were producing' sugarcane, cotton, jute, wheat and several other crops for export. (iii) These crops were produced to feed the population of urban Europe and to supply toRead more
(i) In the early 19th century, indigo and opium were two of the major
See lesscommercial crops.
(ii) By the end of the century, peasants were producing’ sugarcane, cotton,
jute, wheat and several other crops for export.
(iii) These crops were produced to feed the population of urban Europe and
to supply to the mills of Lancashire and Manchester in England.
What were the effects of ‘Dust Bowls’ ?
(i) Cattle were suffocated to death as their lungs choked with dust and mud. (ii) Sand buried fences, covered fields and coated the surfaces of rivers till the fish died. (iii) Dead bodies of birds and animals were seen strewn all over the landscape. (iv) Machines like tractors and harvesters were cRead more
(i) Cattle were suffocated to death as their lungs choked with dust and
See lessmud.
(ii) Sand buried fences, covered fields and coated the surfaces of rivers till
the fish died.
(iii) Dead bodies of birds and animals were seen strewn all over the landscape.
(iv) Machines like tractors and harvesters were clogged with dust and
damaged beyond repair.
What were the ‘Dust Bowls’ ?
In the 1930s, terrifying duststorms began to blow over the southern plains. These were the black blizzards, about 7,000 to 8,000 feet high, rising like monstrous waves. The skies darkened and people were blinded and choked by the dust.
In the 1930s, terrifying duststorms began to blow over the southern plains.
See lessThese were the black blizzards, about 7,000 to 8,000 feet high, rising like
monstrous waves. The skies darkened and people were blinded and choked
by the dust.
What were the advantages of these mechanical devices to the big farmers of the Great Plains ?
(i) The prices of wheat were high and demand was limitless, the new machines helped farmers to rapidly clear large tracts, break up the soil, remove the grass and prepare the ground for cultivation. (ii) Now the work could be done quickly and with a minimum number of hands. (iii) With power'-drivenRead more
(i) The prices of wheat were high and demand was limitless, the new
See lessmachines helped farmers to rapidly clear large tracts, break up the soil,
remove the grass and prepare the ground for cultivation.
(ii) Now the work could be done quickly and with a minimum number of
hands.
(iii) With power’-driven machines, farmers could plough, seed and harvest
2,000 to 4,000 acres of wheat in a season.