1. (i) Farmers discovered that planting these crops improved the fertility of the soil. (ii) Turnip was good fodder crop relished by cattle. (iii) Farmers began cultivating these crops regularly and made them a part of the cropping system. (iv) Later, findings showed that these crops had the capacity tRead more

    (i) Farmers discovered that planting these crops improved the fertility of
    the soil.
    (ii) Turnip was good fodder crop relished by cattle.
    (iii) Farmers began cultivating these crops regularly and made them a part
    of the cropping system.
    (iv) Later, findings showed that these crops had the capacity to increase the
    nitrogen content of the soil. Nitrogen is important for crop growth and
    the land’s fertility is renewed.

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  2. (i) By bringing more lands under cultivation. (ii) Landlords sliced up pasturelands, carved up open fields, cut up forests, took over marshes and turned larger and larger areas into agricultural fields. (iii) Farmers continued to use simple innovations in agriculture for better production.

    (i) By bringing more lands under cultivation.
    (ii) Landlords sliced up pasturelands, carved up open fields, cut up forests,
    took over marshes and turned larger and larger areas into agricultural
    fields.
    (iii) Farmers continued to use simple innovations in agriculture for better
    production.

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  3. (i) France was at war with England, which disrupted trade and import of foodgrains from Europe. (ii) Prices of foodgrains in England shot up, thereby encouraging landlords to enclose lands. (iii) They had enlarged the area under grain cultivation. Profits flowed in and landowners pressurised the ParRead more

    (i) France was at war with England, which disrupted trade and import of
    foodgrains from Europe.
    (ii) Prices of foodgrains in England shot up, thereby encouraging landlords
    to enclose lands.
    (iii) They had enlarged the area under grain cultivation. Profits flowed in
    and landowners pressurised the Parliament to pass the Enclosure Act.

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  4. (i) The early enclosures were usually created by individual landlords. (ii) They were not supported by the State or the church. (iii) After the mid-eighteenth century, the enclosure movement swept through the countryside and changed the English landscape forever. Ultimately, the British Parliament cRead more

    (i) The early enclosures were usually created by individual landlords.
    (ii) They were not supported by the State or the church.
    (iii) After the mid-eighteenth century, the enclosure movement swept through
    the countryside and changed the English landscape forever.
    Ultimately, the British Parliament could no longer watch this process
    from a distance and passed 4,000 Acts legalising these enclosures.

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  5. (i) Rich farmers started dividing and enclosing common land and building hedges around their holdings to separate their property from others. (ii) They drove out villagers who had small cottages on the commons. (iii) They also prevented the poor farmers from entering the enclosed fields.

    (i) Rich farmers started dividing and enclosing common land and building
    hedges around their holdings to separate their property from others.
    (ii) They drove out villagers who had small cottages on the commons.
    (iii) They also prevented the poor farmers from entering the enclosed
    fields.

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