When yeast cells are added to wheat flour, bread becomes soft and porous because it produces CO2 and makes the bread spongy. The fermentation process initiated by yeast converts sugars in the dough into carbon dioxide gas, which creates air ...
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Penicillin is obtained on an industrial scale from Penicillium chrysogenum. This species of fungus is used in large-scale fermentation processes to produce penicillin. Its efficient production capabilities and high yields make it the preferred source for industrial penicillin production.
Ergot is obtained from Claviceps. It is a genus of fungi that parasitizes various grasses and cereals, particularly rye. Certain species of Claviceps produce alkaloids, including ergotamine and ergometrine, which can cause ergotism when consumed by humans or animals.
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. In 1928, while working at St. Mary’s Hospital in London, he observed that a mold called Penicillium notatum inhibited the growth of bacteria in a culture plate. This accidental discovery laid the foundation for the development ...
Penicillium is a fungi. It is a genus of molds that includes several species known for their importance in various industrial and medical applications. Some species of Penicillium produce antibiotics, such as penicillin, which have revolutionized medicine by combating bacterial ...
The yeast used in the manufacture of bread is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This yeast species is responsible for the fermentation process in bread dough, producing carbon dioxide gas, which causes the dough to rise. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely utilized in baking ...
Late blight of potato is caused by Phytophthora infestans. This devastating pathogen infects potato plants, causing significant yield losses worldwide. Phytophthora infestans thrives in cool, humid conditions, spreading rapidly and affecting both foliage and tubers, leading to economic losses in ...
Fungi growing on cow dung are called coprophyllus. These fungi thrive on the organic matter present in dung, playing a crucial role in its decomposition and nutrient recycling. Coprophyllus fungi contribute to the breakdown of complex organic compounds, facilitating nutrient ...
Fungi do not contain chlorophyll. Unlike algae, bryophytes, and pteridophytes, which possess chlorophyll and can perform photosynthesis to produce their own food, fungi are heterotrophic organisms. They obtain nutrients by absorbing organic matter from their environment rather than synthesizing it ...
The high speed of gas particles, coupled with the large spaces between them, enables gases to diffuse rapidly into other gases. This rapid diffusion occurs as gas particles move randomly and spread out to fill any available space, mixing with ...