1. Cadmium pollution is associated with (d) Itai Itai disease. This painful bone ailment emerged in Japan due to cadmium contamination from industrial sources. Prolonged exposure to cadmium-laden water and soil led to severe bone pain, skeletal deformities, and weakened bones. Unlike Minamata disease (Read more

    Cadmium pollution is associated with (d) Itai Itai disease. This painful bone ailment emerged in Japan due to cadmium contamination from industrial sources. Prolonged exposure to cadmium-laden water and soil led to severe bone pain, skeletal deformities, and weakened bones. Unlike Minamata disease (a), which stems from mercury poisoning, and Black foot disease (b), caused by arsenic contamination, Itai Itai is directly linked to cadmium exposure. Dyslexia (c) is a learning disorder unrelated to heavy metal pollution. Addressing cadmium pollution requires stringent environmental regulations to mitigate its harmful effects on human health and ecosystems.

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  2. The painful bone disease 'Itai Itai' was first discovered in (a) Japan. It emerged in the mid-20th century in the Toyama Prefecture. The disease resulted from cadmium poisoning due to industrial pollution. Cadmium-contaminated wastewater discharged from local mining operations contaminated rice fielRead more

    The painful bone disease ‘Itai Itai’ was first discovered in (a) Japan. It emerged in the mid-20th century in the Toyama Prefecture. The disease resulted from cadmium poisoning due to industrial pollution. Cadmium-contaminated wastewater discharged from local mining operations contaminated rice fields and water sources, leading to widespread exposure. ‘Itai Itai’ disease caused excruciating pain, skeletal deformities, and weakened bones, earning its name from the Japanese expression for “ouch, ouch.” This tragic episode highlighted the devastating health consequences of environmental pollution and spurred efforts to regulate industrial waste disposal to prevent similar incidents globally.

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  3. People working in (d) Coal mines are at risk of developing black lung disease, also known as coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). This condition occurs due to prolonged exposure to coal dust, which is inhaled and deposited in the lungs. Over time, the accumulated coal dust causes inflammation, scarriRead more

    People working in (d) Coal mines are at risk of developing black lung disease, also known as coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). This condition occurs due to prolonged exposure to coal dust, which is inhaled and deposited in the lungs. Over time, the accumulated coal dust causes inflammation, scarring, and fibrosis in the lung tissue, leading to respiratory symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Unlike the electroplating (a), organic solvent (b), and paint manufacturing (c) industries, where workers may face different occupational hazards, black lung disease specifically affects those working in coal mining environments.

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  4. Mercury poisoning in humans primarily causes (c) Minamata disease. This ailment results from ingesting seafood contaminated with methylmercury, leading to severe neurological symptoms such as numbness, tremors, and impaired vision. It's named after Minamata, Japan, where a notorious industrial mercuRead more

    Mercury poisoning in humans primarily causes (c) Minamata disease. This ailment results from ingesting seafood contaminated with methylmercury, leading to severe neurological symptoms such as numbness, tremors, and impaired vision. It’s named after Minamata, Japan, where a notorious industrial mercury discharge occurred. Contrastingly, (a) Black Lung refers to coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, caused by inhaling coal dust. (b) Arsenicosis stems from arsenic exposure, causing skin lesions and cancer. (d) Itai-Itai disease, a consequence of cadmium poisoning, manifests with severe pain and bone fractures. However, mercury poisoning’s most recognized human impact remains Minamata disease due to its tragic historical significance.

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  5. Iodine deficiency can lead to the enlargement of the thyroid gland, a condition known as goiter. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are essential for regulating metabolism. When there's insufficient iodine intake, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to captureRead more

    Iodine deficiency can lead to the enlargement of the thyroid gland, a condition known as goiter. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are essential for regulating metabolism. When there’s insufficient iodine intake, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to capture more iodine from the bloodstream, resulting in the formation of a goiter. Thyroid hyperactivity (a) is associated with conditions like hyperthyroidism, and midgetism (c) is a term used in the past for a form of dwarfism, which is unrelated to iodine deficiency.

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