1. The normal level of cholesterol in human blood is (c) 140-180 mg. This range represents the typical concentration of cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream. Cholesterol is a lipid molecule essential for various physiological functions, including cell membrane structure, hormone synthesis, and biRead more

    The normal level of cholesterol in human blood is (c) 140-180 mg. This range represents the typical concentration of cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream. Cholesterol is a lipid molecule essential for various physiological functions, including cell membrane structure, hormone synthesis, and bile acid production. However, elevated cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Conversely, higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often referred to as “good” cholesterol, are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, maintaining cholesterol levels within the normal range is crucial for cardiovascular health. Lifestyle modifications such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco use can help manage cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Regular monitoring of cholesterol levels through blood tests is recommended as part of preventive healthcare.

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  2. If the radius of blood vessels of a person decreases, the blood pressure will (a) increase. This phenomenon is governed by Poiseuille's law, which states that blood flow is directly proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius. When the vessel radius decreases, the resistance to blood flowRead more

    If the radius of blood vessels of a person decreases, the blood pressure will (a) increase. This phenomenon is governed by Poiseuille’s law, which states that blood flow is directly proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius. When the vessel radius decreases, the resistance to blood flow increases exponentially, leading to higher blood pressure. This increased resistance requires the heart to pump harder to maintain adequate blood flow to tissues and organs. Consequently, systemic blood pressure rises. This effect is consistent across genders, as changes in vessel radius affect blood pressure universally. Therefore, narrowing of blood vessels, whether due to vasoconstriction or structural changes, can significantly impact blood pressure regulation, potentially leading to hypertension and associated cardiovascular complications if left uncontrolled.

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  3. White pleurisy was found (b) Among the employees of cement industry. Exposure to cement dust can lead to inflammation of the pleura, known as white pleurisy, among workers in this industry. Inhalation of cement particles over time can irritate the lungs and cause respiratory problems. Although varioRead more

    White pleurisy was found (b) Among the employees of cement industry. Exposure to cement dust can lead to inflammation of the pleura, known as white pleurisy, among workers in this industry. Inhalation of cement particles over time can irritate the lungs and cause respiratory problems. Although various industries pose occupational health risks, cement industry workers are particularly susceptible to respiratory issues due to prolonged exposure to dust and particulate matter generated during cement manufacturing processes. Implementing proper ventilation and respiratory protection measures is crucial to mitigate the risk of white pleurisy and other respiratory ailments among cement industry employees.

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  4. The inventor of the smallpox vaccine is Edward Jenner. In 1796, Jenner pioneered the development of the smallpox vaccine, a breakthrough in the history of medicine. Jenner's innovation involved using material from cowpox lesions to inoculate individuals against smallpox, a deadly viral disease. ThisRead more

    The inventor of the smallpox vaccine is Edward Jenner. In 1796, Jenner pioneered the development of the smallpox vaccine, a breakthrough in the history of medicine. Jenner’s innovation involved using material from cowpox lesions to inoculate individuals against smallpox, a deadly viral disease. This process, known as vaccination, led to the eradication of smallpox globally. Sir Frederick Grant Banting (a) discovered insulin, Sir Alexander Fleming (b) discovered penicillin, and Louis Pasteur (d) made significant contributions to microbiology, including the development of vaccines for rabies and anthrax, but he did not invent the smallpox vaccine.

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  5. The carrier of Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is primarily the (a) Anopheles mosquito. This vector transmits the parasitic protozoa Leishmania donovani, responsible for the disease. When an infected Anopheles mosquito bites a human, it injects the Leishmania parasites into the blooRead more

    The carrier of Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is primarily the (a) Anopheles mosquito. This vector transmits the parasitic protozoa Leishmania donovani, responsible for the disease. When an infected Anopheles mosquito bites a human, it injects the Leishmania parasites into the bloodstream, leading to infection. Unlike the Culex mosquito (b), which is associated with diseases such as West Nile virus, and the C.C. fly (c), implicated in transmitting sleeping sickness, the Anopheles mosquito is the specific vector for Kala-azar transmission. The Cicata fly (d) is not known to transmit Kala-azar or any similar disease.

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