1. The force between two electric charges is related to Coulomb's law (option B). Coulomb's law is a fundamental principle in physics that explains the behavior of electrostatic forces between charged particles. It describes how the magnitude of the force between two point charges depends on the amountRead more

    The force between two electric charges is related to Coulomb’s law (option B). Coulomb’s law is a fundamental principle in physics that explains the behavior of electrostatic forces between charged particles. It describes how the magnitude of the force between two point charges depends on the amount of charge on each object and the distance separating them. The law highlights that the electric force increases with larger charges and decreases with greater distances. This principle is essential for understanding various electrostatic phenomena, such as the attraction or repulsion between objects and the behavior of electric fields. Coulomb’s law differs from Ampere’s law (option A), which deals with magnetic fields generated by electric currents; Faraday’s law (option C), which relates to electromagnetic induction; and Ohm’s law (option D), which describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit.

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  2. The entire charge of a charged conductor remains on its outer surface (option B). This phenomenon occurs because of the repulsive forces between like charges. When a conductor is charged, the charges redistribute themselves in such a way that they are as far apart as possible to minimize repulsive fRead more

    The entire charge of a charged conductor remains on its outer surface (option B). This phenomenon occurs because of the repulsive forces between like charges. When a conductor is charged, the charges redistribute themselves in such a way that they are as far apart as possible to minimize repulsive forces. This results in the charges moving to the outer surface of the conductor, creating an equilibrium state. Inside a conductor, the electric field is zero, so there is no force driving the charges to stay on the inner surface. This principle is fundamental to electrostatics and explains why the charges on a conductor reside entirely on the outer surface. Unlike insulators, where charges can remain stationary, conductors allow for the free movement of charges to achieve this state. Thus, the entire charge of a charged conductor resides on its outer surface.

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  3. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, the rod becomes positively charged (option B). This happens due to the transfer of electrons between the two materials. Glass tends to lose electrons easily, while silk has a higher affinity for electrons. When they are rubbed together, electrons are transferredRead more

    When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, the rod becomes positively charged (option B). This happens due to the transfer of electrons between the two materials. Glass tends to lose electrons easily, while silk has a higher affinity for electrons. When they are rubbed together, electrons are transferred from the glass rod to the silk. As a result, the glass rod is left with a deficiency of electrons, which makes it positively charged. The silk, having gained those electrons, becomes negatively charged. This process of charging by friction demonstrates the principle of electron transfer between materials with different tendencies to gain or lose electrons. This transfer creates a static charge on both objects, with the glass rod ending up positively charged due to the loss of electrons.

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  4. Light travels slower in glass than in air because the refractive index of air is less than the refractive index of glass (option A). The refractive index is a measure of how much light bends when it enters a material. Air, having a lower refractive index, allows light to travel through it with minimRead more

    Light travels slower in glass than in air because the refractive index of air is less than the refractive index of glass (option A). The refractive index is a measure of how much light bends when it enters a material. Air, having a lower refractive index, allows light to travel through it with minimal interaction and minimal slowing down. In contrast, glass has a higher refractive index, meaning light encounters more resistance as it passes through. This resistance occurs because light interacts more with the atoms and molecules in the glass, which absorb and re-emit the light waves, effectively slowing their overall speed. While the density of the materials can influence their refractive properties, the primary reason for the difference in light speed is the refractive index, making light travel slower in glass than in air.

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  5. Fiber optic used in communication works only on the principle of total internal reflection of light (option D). Inside an optical fiber, light travels through a core made of a material with a high refractive index surrounded by a cladding with a lower refractive index. When light enters the core atRead more

    Fiber optic used in communication works only on the principle of total internal reflection of light (option D). Inside an optical fiber, light travels through a core made of a material with a high refractive index surrounded by a cladding with a lower refractive index. When light enters the core at a certain angle (above the critical angle), it undergoes total internal reflection at the core-cladding interface. This reflection process traps the light within the core, allowing it to travel long distances without significant loss of signal strength. This principle is crucial for transmitting data as pulses of light, enabling high-speed and reliable communication over optical networks. Unlike regular reflection of light (option A) or diffuse reflection of light (option B), which do not maintain the coherence or intensity needed for optical communication, total internal reflection specifically facilitates the efficient transmission of light signals through optical fibers, making it indispensable in modern telecommunications infrastructure.

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