1. During an uneven lightning strike, the safest option is to remain inside the car with the windows closed (option A). This is because a car acts as a Faraday cage, which means that it distributes the electric charge around its exterior, effectively protecting the occupants inside. Opening the windowsRead more

    During an uneven lightning strike, the safest option is to remain inside the car with the windows closed (option A). This is because a car acts as a Faraday cage, which means that it distributes the electric charge around its exterior, effectively protecting the occupants inside. Opening the windows (option B) can allow lightning to enter the vehicle, increasing the risk of injury. Getting down from the car and sitting down (option C) exposes you directly to lightning and is highly dangerous. Sitting on top of the car (option D) puts you at an even greater risk, as you become the highest point and more likely to be struck. Therefore, staying inside the car with windows closed is the best way to stay safe.

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  2. The charging of objects occurs as a result of the transfer of electrons (option A). Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative charge and are located in the outer shells of atoms. When two objects come into contact, electrons can be transferred from one object to another, causing one object tRead more

    The charging of objects occurs as a result of the transfer of electrons (option A). Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative charge and are located in the outer shells of atoms. When two objects come into contact, electrons can be transferred from one object to another, causing one object to become positively charged (losing electrons) and the other to become negatively charged (gaining electrons). Positrons (option B) are the antiparticles of electrons and are not involved in typical static electricity scenarios. Protons (option C) are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom and do not move freely to cause charging. Neutrons (option D) are neutral particles also located in the nucleus and do not participate in the charging process. Therefore, the movement of electrons is responsible for the charging of objects.

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  3. When an ebonite rod is rubbed with the skin of a cat, the ebonite rod becomes negatively charged (option A). This phenomenon occurs due to the transfer of electrons. Ebonite, being a material that has a strong affinity for electrons, attracts and gains electrons from the cat's skin during the rubbinRead more

    When an ebonite rod is rubbed with the skin of a cat, the ebonite rod becomes negatively charged (option A). This phenomenon occurs due to the transfer of electrons. Ebonite, being a material that has a strong affinity for electrons, attracts and gains electrons from the cat’s skin during the rubbing process. As a result, the ebonite rod accumulates an excess of negatively charged electrons, which leads to it becoming negatively charged. The cat’s skin, having lost some of its electrons, becomes positively charged in turn. This transfer of electrons is a classic example of triboelectric charging, where contact and friction between two different materials result in one material gaining electrons and the other losing them. Therefore, the ebonite rod acquires a negative charge after rubbing with the cat’s skin.

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  4. Similar charges have repulsion (option C). This fundamental principle of electrostatics states that like charges repel each other. For instance, if two positively charged objects or two negatively charged objects are brought close to each other, they will experience a force that pushes them apart. TRead more

    Similar charges have repulsion (option C). This fundamental principle of electrostatics states that like charges repel each other. For instance, if two positively charged objects or two negatively charged objects are brought close to each other, they will experience a force that pushes them apart. This is because similar charges create an electric field that exerts a force on other similar charges, causing them to move away from each other. This repulsive force is described by Coulomb’s Law, which quantifies the magnitude of the force based on the charges’ magnitudes and the distance between them. Attraction (option A) occurs between opposite charges, such as positive and negative. Adhesion (option B) and cohesion (option D) refer to forces that cause molecules to stick together, but are not related to the behavior of electrostatic charges. Therefore, similar charges always exhibit repulsion.

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  5. If the distance between two electric charges is halved, the value of the electric force between them will become quadruple (option C). This outcome is based on the principle that the electric force between two charges depends on the distance separating them. When the distance between the charges isRead more

    If the distance between two electric charges is halved, the value of the electric force between them will become quadruple (option C). This outcome is based on the principle that the electric force between two charges depends on the distance separating them. When the distance between the charges is reduced by half, the electric force does not merely double; instead, it increases by a factor of four. This is because the relationship between the distance and the force is such that reducing the distance by a certain factor results in the force increasing by the square of that factor. Therefore, when the distance is halved, the force becomes four times stronger, illustrating how sensitive the electric force is to changes in distance.

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