The second law of thermodynamics introduces entropy as a measure of disorder, stating that the entropy of an isolated system always increases. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding. For more pleaRead more
The second law of thermodynamics introduces entropy as a measure of disorder, stating that the entropy of an isolated system always increases. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding.
For a reversible process, Δ𝑆 = 𝑄rev/𝑇, where 𝑄rev is the reversible heat. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding. For more please visit here: https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11Read more
For a reversible process, Δ𝑆 = 𝑄rev/𝑇, where 𝑄rev is the reversible heat. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding.
The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on the temperatures of the heat source and the heat sink. It is expressed mathematically as: η = 1 - (T_c / T_h) Where: - η is the efficiency of the Carnot engine (in decimal form). - T_c is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir (heat sink), measureRead more
The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on the temperatures of the heat source and the heat sink. It is expressed mathematically as:
η = 1 – (T_c / T_h)
Where:
– η is the efficiency of the Carnot engine (in decimal form).
– T_c is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir (heat sink), measured in kelvins (K).
– T_h is the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir (heat source), also measured in kelvins (K).
### Key Points:
1. Absolute Temperatures: The temperatures T_c and T_h must be in absolute units (kelvins) for the formula to be valid. This ensures consistency and proper calculation of the efficiency.
2. Dependence on Temperature Difference: The efficiency increases as the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs increases. Specifically:
– Higher T_h (hot reservoir temperature) leads to higher efficiency.
– Lower T_c (cold reservoir temperature) also leads to higher efficiency.
3. Maximum Theoretical Efficiency: The Carnot engine represents an idealized heat engine with the maximum possible efficiency dictated by thermodynamics. No real engine can surpass this efficiency due to practical limitations such as friction, heat losses, and irreversibilities.
4. Efficiency Limit: The efficiency is always less than 1 (or less than 100%) because T_c is always greater than 0 K, and T_h is finite in practical scenarios.
Example Calculation:
Suppose a Carnot engine operates with a heat source at T_h = 500 K and a heat sink at T_c = 300 K.
For an ideal gas, internal energy depends solely on temperature, as 𝑈 =𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑇. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding. For more please visit here: https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/classRead more
For an ideal gas, internal energy depends solely on temperature, as 𝑈 =𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑇. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding.
Work is not a state function because it depends on the path taken during a process. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding. For more please visit here: https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutionRead more
Work is not a state function because it depends on the path taken during a process. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding.
Which law of thermodynamics defines entropy?
The second law of thermodynamics introduces entropy as a measure of disorder, stating that the entropy of an isolated system always increases. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding. For more pleaRead more
The second law of thermodynamics introduces entropy as a measure of disorder, stating that the entropy of an isolated system always increases. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding.
For more please visit here:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-11/
The change in entropy during a reversible process is:
For a reversible process, Δ𝑆 = 𝑄rev/𝑇, where 𝑄rev is the reversible heat. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding. For more please visit here: https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11Read more
For a reversible process, Δ𝑆 = 𝑄rev/𝑇, where 𝑄rev is the reversible heat. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding.
For more please visit here:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-11/
The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on
The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on the temperatures of the heat source and the heat sink. It is expressed mathematically as: η = 1 - (T_c / T_h) Where: - η is the efficiency of the Carnot engine (in decimal form). - T_c is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir (heat sink), measureRead more
The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on the temperatures of the heat source and the heat sink. It is expressed mathematically as:
η = 1 – (T_c / T_h)
Where:
– η is the efficiency of the Carnot engine (in decimal form).
– T_c is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir (heat sink), measured in kelvins (K).
– T_h is the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir (heat source), also measured in kelvins (K).
### Key Points:
1. Absolute Temperatures: The temperatures T_c and T_h must be in absolute units (kelvins) for the formula to be valid. This ensures consistency and proper calculation of the efficiency.
2. Dependence on Temperature Difference: The efficiency increases as the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs increases. Specifically:
– Higher T_h (hot reservoir temperature) leads to higher efficiency.
– Lower T_c (cold reservoir temperature) also leads to higher efficiency.
3. Maximum Theoretical Efficiency: The Carnot engine represents an idealized heat engine with the maximum possible efficiency dictated by thermodynamics. No real engine can surpass this efficiency due to practical limitations such as friction, heat losses, and irreversibilities.
4. Efficiency Limit: The efficiency is always less than 1 (or less than 100%) because T_c is always greater than 0 K, and T_h is finite in practical scenarios.
Example Calculation:
Suppose a Carnot engine operates with a heat source at T_h = 500 K and a heat sink at T_c = 300 K.
Efficiency, η = 1 – (T_c / T_h)
= 1 – (300 / 500)
= 1 – 0.6
= 0.4 or 40%
Thus, the Carnot engine’s efficiency in this case is 40%.
See lessThe internal energy of an ideal gas depends on:
For an ideal gas, internal energy depends solely on temperature, as 𝑈 =𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑇. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding. For more please visit here: https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/classRead more
For an ideal gas, internal energy depends solely on temperature, as 𝑈 =𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑇. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding.
For more please visit here:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-11/
Which of the following is not a state function?
Work is not a state function because it depends on the path taken during a process. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding. For more please visit here: https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutionRead more
Work is not a state function because it depends on the path taken during a process. This question related to Chapter 11 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 11. Thermodynamics. Give answer according to your understanding.
For more please visit here:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-11/