Specialized organs in excretion for complex multicellular organisms allow for efficient removal of nitrogenous materials and other metabolic wastes, contributing to the overall maintenance of internal homeostasis.

Cuscuta (amar-bel), ticks, lice, leeches, and tape-worms are examples of organisms using a parasitic nutritive strategy without killing their hosts.

The body design and functioning of organisms determine their ability to take in and break down specific food materials.

Fungi like bread moulds, yeast, and mushrooms break down food material outside their bodies and then absorb it.

The form of nutrition varies depending on the type and availability of food material and how it is obtained, influenced by the organism’s environment.