1. The reaction between carbon dioxide (CO₂) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) results in the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). This reaction is a type of acid-base neutralization, where carbon dioxide, acting as a weak acid, reacts with the strong base calcium hydroxide. The chemical equation is:Read more

    The reaction between carbon dioxide (CO₂) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) results in the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). This reaction is a type of acid-base neutralization, where carbon dioxide, acting as a weak acid, reacts with the strong base calcium hydroxide. The chemical equation is:
    CO₂(g) + Ca(OH)₂(aq) → CaCO₃(s) + H₂O(l)
    Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which then reacts with calcium hydroxide to produce the insoluble calcium carbonate. This reaction is utilized in various applications, such as carbon capture and in the treatment of flue gases in industries.

    See less
    • 8
  2. Nonmetallic oxides, often referred to as acidic oxides, tend to exhibit acidic behavior. These oxides result from the combination of nonmetals with oxygen. In the presence of water, they form acidic solutions by producing acids through reactions. For example, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen dioxidRead more

    Nonmetallic oxides, often referred to as acidic oxides, tend to exhibit acidic behavior. These oxides result from the combination of nonmetals with oxygen. In the presence of water, they form acidic solutions by producing acids through reactions. For example, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) dissolve in water to form sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃) and nitric acid (HNO₃), respectively. These oxides can also react with bases to produce salts and water. Unlike basic metal oxides, nonmetallic oxides contribute to the acidity of solutions and are crucial in understanding environmental phenomena like acid rain.

    See less
    • 8
  3. The nature of nonmetallic oxides can be concluded to be acidic based on their reactions with bases. When nonmetallic oxides, such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) or nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), react with bases, they form salts and water. The chemical equations for these reactions illustrate the acidic behavior:Read more

    The nature of nonmetallic oxides can be concluded to be acidic based on their reactions with bases. When nonmetallic oxides, such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) or nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), react with bases, they form salts and water. The chemical equations for these reactions illustrate the acidic behavior:
    SO₂(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na₂SO₃(aq) + H₂O(l)

    NO₂(g) + 2KOH(aq) → KNO₂(aq) + H₂O(l)

    These reactions confirm that nonmetallic oxides act as acids, producing salts through acid-base neutralization reactions when in contact with bases.

    See less
    • 8
  4. When acids react with metals, a common observation is the evolution of hydrogen gas. In this reaction, the metal displaces hydrogen ions from the acid, forming metal salts and liberating hydrogen gas. The general equation for the reaction is: Metal + Acid → Metal salt + Hydrogen gas For example, wheRead more

    When acids react with metals, a common observation is the evolution of hydrogen gas. In this reaction, the metal displaces hydrogen ions from the acid, forming metal salts and liberating hydrogen gas. The general equation for the reaction is:
    Metal + Acid → Metal salt + Hydrogen gas
    For example, when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, zinc chloride is formed, and hydrogen gas is evolved:
    Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)
    The effervescence or bubbling observed during such reactions is due to the release of hydrogen gas.

    See less
    • 8
  5. Metals high up in the reactivity series, such as aluminum, magnesium, and calcium, cannot be obtained from their compounds by heating with carbon due to thermodynamic considerations. These metals have a strong affinity for oxygen, and their oxides are thermodynamically more stable than the corresponRead more

    Metals high up in the reactivity series, such as aluminum, magnesium, and calcium, cannot be obtained from their compounds by heating with carbon due to thermodynamic considerations. These metals have a strong affinity for oxygen, and their oxides are thermodynamically more stable than the corresponding carbonates or sulfides. When heated with carbon, these metals’ oxides are not effectively reduced, and the carbon reduction process is insufficient to overcome the thermodynamic stability of the metal oxides. Therefore, alternative methods, such as electrolysis or more reactive reducing agents, are required to extract metals high in the reactivity series from their compounds.

    See less
    • 13