Aniline exhibits a higher pKb value compared to ammonia due to the resonance stabilization of its conjugate acid, anilinium ion (C₆H₅NH₃⁺). In aniline, the lone pair on nitrogen can delocalize into the aromatic ring through resonance, stabilizing the positive charge on nitrogen in the conjugate acidRead more
Aniline exhibits a higher pKb value compared to ammonia due to the resonance stabilization of its conjugate acid, anilinium ion (C₆H₅NH₃⁺). In aniline, the lone pair on nitrogen can delocalize into the aromatic ring through resonance, stabilizing the positive charge on nitrogen in the conjugate acid. This resonance stabilization is absent in ammonia, making anilinium ion less acidic. The presence of the aromatic ring in aniline, allowing for resonance, enhances the stability of the conjugate acid and contributes to its lower basicity, resulting in a higher pKb compared to ammonia.
The stability of aniline is enhanced by resonance, allowing for the delocalization of the lone pair on nitrogen into the aromatic ring. Aniline has two major resonance structures, distributing the positive charge among different atoms in the ring. In contrast, the anilinium ion (C₆H₅NH₃⁺) lacks thisRead more
The stability of aniline is enhanced by resonance, allowing for the delocalization of the lone pair on nitrogen into the aromatic ring. Aniline has two major resonance structures, distributing the positive charge among different atoms in the ring. In contrast, the anilinium ion (C₆H₅NH₃⁺) lacks this delocalization, having only one significant resonance structure. The presence of multiple resonating structures in aniline increases its stability compared to the anilinium ion. Resonance stabilization in aniline contributes to its lower basicity and higher stability, as it disperses the positive charge more effectively across the aromatic ring.
Electron-releasing groups (ERG) enhance the basic strength of substituted aniline by donating electron density to the nitrogen lone pair. Conversely, electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) decrease basicity by withdrawing electron density. In substituted anilines, groups like –OCH₃ (methoxy, an ERG) incrRead more
Electron-releasing groups (ERG) enhance the basic strength of substituted aniline by donating electron density to the nitrogen lone pair. Conversely, electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) decrease basicity by withdrawing electron density. In substituted anilines, groups like –OCH₃ (methoxy, an ERG) increase basicity, while –NO₂ (nitro, an EWG) decreases it. Methoxy donates electron density to the ring, making the lone pair more available. Nitro withdraws electron density, reducing the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen lone pair. The impact of these groups on basic strength is a result of their electronic effects, influencing the availability of the lone pair on nitrogen.
The author of the book "India; the Critical Years" is Kuldip Nayar. This book was published in 1971 and examines various critical moments in India's history, with Nayar offering his own insights and opinions on these events.
The author of the book “India; the Critical Years” is Kuldip Nayar.
This book was published in 1971 and examines various critical moments in India’s history, with Nayar offering his own insights and opinions on these events.
The book tracks the history of a group of villagers who had to leave their homes after prolonged droughts in search of a new life on the outskirts of the comparatively wealthy city of Bhopal.
The book tracks the history of a group of villagers who had to leave their homes after prolonged droughts in search of a new life on the outskirts of the comparatively wealthy city of Bhopal.
Why does aniline exhibit a higher pKb value compared to ammonia, and what structural feature contributes to this difference in basicity?
Aniline exhibits a higher pKb value compared to ammonia due to the resonance stabilization of its conjugate acid, anilinium ion (C₆H₅NH₃⁺). In aniline, the lone pair on nitrogen can delocalize into the aromatic ring through resonance, stabilizing the positive charge on nitrogen in the conjugate acidRead more
Aniline exhibits a higher pKb value compared to ammonia due to the resonance stabilization of its conjugate acid, anilinium ion (C₆H₅NH₃⁺). In aniline, the lone pair on nitrogen can delocalize into the aromatic ring through resonance, stabilizing the positive charge on nitrogen in the conjugate acid. This resonance stabilization is absent in ammonia, making anilinium ion less acidic. The presence of the aromatic ring in aniline, allowing for resonance, enhances the stability of the conjugate acid and contributes to its lower basicity, resulting in a higher pKb compared to ammonia.
See lessExplain the relationship between the number of resonating structures and the stability of aniline, comparing it to the anilinium ion.
The stability of aniline is enhanced by resonance, allowing for the delocalization of the lone pair on nitrogen into the aromatic ring. Aniline has two major resonance structures, distributing the positive charge among different atoms in the ring. In contrast, the anilinium ion (C₆H₅NH₃⁺) lacks thisRead more
The stability of aniline is enhanced by resonance, allowing for the delocalization of the lone pair on nitrogen into the aromatic ring. Aniline has two major resonance structures, distributing the positive charge among different atoms in the ring. In contrast, the anilinium ion (C₆H₅NH₃⁺) lacks this delocalization, having only one significant resonance structure. The presence of multiple resonating structures in aniline increases its stability compared to the anilinium ion. Resonance stabilization in aniline contributes to its lower basicity and higher stability, as it disperses the positive charge more effectively across the aromatic ring.
See lessHow do electron-releasing and electron-withdrawing groups affect the basic strength of substituted aniline, and what is the observed impact of groups like –OCH₃ and –NO₂?
Electron-releasing groups (ERG) enhance the basic strength of substituted aniline by donating electron density to the nitrogen lone pair. Conversely, electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) decrease basicity by withdrawing electron density. In substituted anilines, groups like –OCH₃ (methoxy, an ERG) incrRead more
Electron-releasing groups (ERG) enhance the basic strength of substituted aniline by donating electron density to the nitrogen lone pair. Conversely, electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) decrease basicity by withdrawing electron density. In substituted anilines, groups like –OCH₃ (methoxy, an ERG) increase basicity, while –NO₂ (nitro, an EWG) decreases it. Methoxy donates electron density to the ring, making the lone pair more available. Nitro withdraws electron density, reducing the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen lone pair. The impact of these groups on basic strength is a result of their electronic effects, influencing the availability of the lone pair on nitrogen.
See lessWho is the author of the book ‘India; the Critical Years’?
The author of the book "India; the Critical Years" is Kuldip Nayar. This book was published in 1971 and examines various critical moments in India's history, with Nayar offering his own insights and opinions on these events.
The author of the book “India; the Critical Years” is Kuldip Nayar.
See lessThis book was published in 1971 and examines various critical moments in India’s history, with Nayar offering his own insights and opinions on these events.
The subject of the book ‘It Was Five Past Midnight’ is
The book tracks the history of a group of villagers who had to leave their homes after prolonged droughts in search of a new life on the outskirts of the comparatively wealthy city of Bhopal.
The book tracks the history of a group of villagers who had to leave their homes after prolonged droughts in search of a new life on the outskirts of the comparatively wealthy city of Bhopal.
See less