Jena glass can scatter ultraviolet rays. It contains compounds like cerium oxide, which absorb and scatter UV radiation, making it useful in applications requiring UV protection, such as in optical lenses and scientific instruments.
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Stars twinkle due to atmospheric refraction. As starlight passes through Earth’s atmosphere, it encounters variations in temperature and density, causing the light to bend slightly. This bending results in the apparent twinkling or shimmering of stars when viewed from the ...
In fiber optic communication, the signal flows in the form of light waves. Optical fibers transmit data using pulses of light that travel along the fiber’s core, which is typically made of glass or plastic. These light waves carry digital ...
Before setting, the Sun appears elliptical due to the atmospheric refraction. When close to the horizon, the Sun’s light passes through a thicker layer of Earth’s atmosphere, causing it to bend slightly. This refraction effect makes the Sun appear distorted ...
A concave lens is used to correct nearsightedness, also known as myopia. Nearsightedness occurs when the eye focuses light in front of the retina instead of directly on it. A concave lens diverges incoming light rays, shifting the focal point ...
The telescope was invented by Galileo. He constructed his first telescope in 1609, significantly improving upon existing designs to magnify distant objects. Galileo’s observations revolutionized astronomy, leading to discoveries such as the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus, ...
A fish lying inside water appears slightly above its actual depth due to the refraction of light. When light passes from water to air, it bends away from the normal. This bending causes the fish to appear at a shallower ...
When a compact disc (CD) is viewed in sunlight, the colors similar to those of a rainbow are seen due to the phenomena of reflection and diffraction. The CD’s surface consists of closely spaced tracks that act as a diffraction ...
Water in an electric kettle gets heated primarily due to conduction. The heating element transfers thermal energy directly to the water molecules upon contact. While convection and radiation may contribute minimally, the main mechanism responsible for heating water in an ...
The Sun’s heat reaches the Earth primarily through radiation. Radiation involves the transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves, such as light and infrared radiation, traveling through the vacuum of space.