The coefficient of linear expansion, denoted by α, is defined as the fractional change in length of the material for a unit change in temperature at constant pressure when the material is heated or cooled. Mathematically, it is defined as: α = (1/L) * (dL/dT) where α is the coefficient of linear expRead more
The coefficient of linear expansion, denoted by α, is defined as the fractional change in length of the material for a unit change in temperature at constant pressure when the material is heated or cooled.
Mathematically, it is defined as:
α = (1/L) * (dL/dT)
where
α is the coefficient of linear expansion,
L is the initial length of the material,
dL is the change in length,
dT is the change in temperature.
The units of α are per degree Celsius (°C⁻¹) or per Kelvin (K⁻¹).
Limits:
– α is nearly constant for most solids in a narrow range of temperature.
– The value of α increases with temperature for some materials but is constant for many solid materials within small variations in temperature.
The thermal expansion of a body is defined as the change in its dimensions, either length, area, or volume, when the temperature of the body is changed. When the temperature increases, the particles of the body move vigorously, which makes the body expand. Types of Thermal Expansion: 1. Linear ExpanRead more
The thermal expansion of a body is defined as the change in its dimensions, either length, area, or volume, when the temperature of the body is changed. When the temperature increases, the particles of the body move vigorously, which makes the body expand.
Types of Thermal Expansion:
1. Linear Expansion: Change in length of a solid body when heated.
Example: Expansion of a metal rod.
2. Apparent Expansion: Change in area of a body when heated.
Example: Expansion of metal sheet.
3. Volumetric Expansion: Change in volume of a body when heated.
Example: Expansion of a gas or liquid in a container.
A thermoelectric thermometer works on the principle of the thermoelectric effect, also known as the Seebeck effect. This effect occurs when two different metals are joined at two points and there is a temperature difference between them. The junctions of these metals generate a voltage that is propoRead more
A thermoelectric thermometer works on the principle of the thermoelectric effect, also known as the Seebeck effect. This effect occurs when two different metals are joined at two points and there is a temperature difference between them. The junctions of these metals generate a voltage that is proportional to the temperature difference.
In a thermoelectric thermometer, two dissimilar conductors (such as copper and iron) form a closed loop, and one of the junctions is exposed to the temperature to be measured while the other is kept at a reference temperature, usually at ice point. The difference in temperature between the junctions results in a thermoelectric potential difference (voltage) developing across the loop. The voltage is then measured and converted to temperature using a calibration curve.
The main advantage of thermoelectric thermometers is that they provide accurate temperature measurements over a wide range without moving parts, hence reliable and precise readings in applications.
The potential energy curve is the variation of the potential energy between atoms or molecules in a solid with respect to their separation distance and can be used to explain thermal expansion of solids. At absolute zero temperature, atoms in a solid are at their equilibrium positions where the poteRead more
The potential energy curve is the variation of the potential energy between atoms or molecules in a solid with respect to their separation distance and can be used to explain thermal expansion of solids.
At absolute zero temperature, atoms in a solid are at their equilibrium positions where the potential energy is at its minimum. With increasing temperature, atoms vibrate more violently and average separation between them increases because kinetic energy of atoms increases with temperature.
The curve of potential energy shows that the atoms are moving apart, and this is when the potential energy increases. The system comes to a new equilibrium position in which the atoms are at a slightly larger separation, thus causing the expansion of the solid. The amplitude of atomic vibrations increases with temperature, which leads to an overall expansion of the material.
In solids, the thermal expansion is uniform in all directions, linear, superficial, or cubical depending on the nature of the solid and its temperature change.
It is the fractional change in the surface area of a substance for a unit change in temperature, when heated or cooled at constant pressure. It is defined mathematically as: α = (1/A) * (dA/dT) where, - α is the coefficient of superficial expansion - A is the initial surface area - dA is the changeRead more
It is the fractional change in the surface area of a substance for a unit change in temperature, when heated or cooled at constant pressure. It is defined mathematically as:
α = (1/A) * (dA/dT)
where,
– α is the coefficient of superficial expansion
– A is the initial surface area
– dA is the change in surface area
– dT is the change in temperature.
The units of α are per degree Celsius (°C⁻¹) or per Kelvin (K⁻¹).
Define coefficient of liner expansion. Write an expression for it. Give its limits.
The coefficient of linear expansion, denoted by α, is defined as the fractional change in length of the material for a unit change in temperature at constant pressure when the material is heated or cooled. Mathematically, it is defined as: α = (1/L) * (dL/dT) where α is the coefficient of linear expRead more
The coefficient of linear expansion, denoted by α, is defined as the fractional change in length of the material for a unit change in temperature at constant pressure when the material is heated or cooled.
Mathematically, it is defined as:
α = (1/L) * (dL/dT)
where
α is the coefficient of linear expansion,
L is the initial length of the material,
dL is the change in length,
dT is the change in temperature.
The units of α are per degree Celsius (°C⁻¹) or per Kelvin (K⁻¹).
Limits:
– α is nearly constant for most solids in a narrow range of temperature.
– The value of α increases with temperature for some materials but is constant for many solid materials within small variations in temperature.
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What is meant by thermal expansion of a body? What are the different types of thermal expansion?
The thermal expansion of a body is defined as the change in its dimensions, either length, area, or volume, when the temperature of the body is changed. When the temperature increases, the particles of the body move vigorously, which makes the body expand. Types of Thermal Expansion: 1. Linear ExpanRead more
The thermal expansion of a body is defined as the change in its dimensions, either length, area, or volume, when the temperature of the body is changed. When the temperature increases, the particles of the body move vigorously, which makes the body expand.
Types of Thermal Expansion:
1. Linear Expansion: Change in length of a solid body when heated.
Example: Expansion of a metal rod.
2. Apparent Expansion: Change in area of a body when heated.
Example: Expansion of metal sheet.
3. Volumetric Expansion: Change in volume of a body when heated.
Example: Expansion of a gas or liquid in a container.
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See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-10/
Briefly describe the working principle of a thermoelectric thermometer.
A thermoelectric thermometer works on the principle of the thermoelectric effect, also known as the Seebeck effect. This effect occurs when two different metals are joined at two points and there is a temperature difference between them. The junctions of these metals generate a voltage that is propoRead more
A thermoelectric thermometer works on the principle of the thermoelectric effect, also known as the Seebeck effect. This effect occurs when two different metals are joined at two points and there is a temperature difference between them. The junctions of these metals generate a voltage that is proportional to the temperature difference.
In a thermoelectric thermometer, two dissimilar conductors (such as copper and iron) form a closed loop, and one of the junctions is exposed to the temperature to be measured while the other is kept at a reference temperature, usually at ice point. The difference in temperature between the junctions results in a thermoelectric potential difference (voltage) developing across the loop. The voltage is then measured and converted to temperature using a calibration curve.
The main advantage of thermoelectric thermometers is that they provide accurate temperature measurements over a wide range without moving parts, hence reliable and precise readings in applications.
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See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-10/
Explain thermal expansion of solids on the basis of the potential energy curve.
The potential energy curve is the variation of the potential energy between atoms or molecules in a solid with respect to their separation distance and can be used to explain thermal expansion of solids. At absolute zero temperature, atoms in a solid are at their equilibrium positions where the poteRead more
The potential energy curve is the variation of the potential energy between atoms or molecules in a solid with respect to their separation distance and can be used to explain thermal expansion of solids.
At absolute zero temperature, atoms in a solid are at their equilibrium positions where the potential energy is at its minimum. With increasing temperature, atoms vibrate more violently and average separation between them increases because kinetic energy of atoms increases with temperature.
The curve of potential energy shows that the atoms are moving apart, and this is when the potential energy increases. The system comes to a new equilibrium position in which the atoms are at a slightly larger separation, thus causing the expansion of the solid. The amplitude of atomic vibrations increases with temperature, which leads to an overall expansion of the material.
In solids, the thermal expansion is uniform in all directions, linear, superficial, or cubical depending on the nature of the solid and its temperature change.
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See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-10/
Define coefficient of superficial expansion and give its units.
It is the fractional change in the surface area of a substance for a unit change in temperature, when heated or cooled at constant pressure. It is defined mathematically as: α = (1/A) * (dA/dT) where, - α is the coefficient of superficial expansion - A is the initial surface area - dA is the changeRead more
It is the fractional change in the surface area of a substance for a unit change in temperature, when heated or cooled at constant pressure. It is defined mathematically as:
α = (1/A) * (dA/dT)
where,
– α is the coefficient of superficial expansion
– A is the initial surface area
– dA is the change in surface area
– dT is the change in temperature.
The units of α are per degree Celsius (°C⁻¹) or per Kelvin (K⁻¹).
Click for more:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-10/