(i) With the arrival of monsoon, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and
carries on for several days.
(ii) This is also known as ‘burst of monsoon’ and can be distinguished from
the pre-monsoon showers.
(iii) The monsoon arises at Southern tip of Indian peninsula generally, by the
first week of June approximately.
(iv) Then it gets divided into two-The Arabian sea branch and Bay of
Bengal branch.
(v) Then it starts moving upwards, the Arabian Sea branch reaches Madhya
Pradesh/U.P. in about ten days.
(vi) The Bay of Bengal branch also advances rapidly and arrives in Assam in
the first week of June.

(i) The northern plains receive rains from the Bay of Bengal branch of the
S.W. monsoons.
(ii) It strikes the Myanmar’s Arkan mountains and gets deflected westward
along the Himalayas.
(iii) Maximum precipitation is recorded in the north-eastern part of India
and West Bengal.
(iv) As the monsoon moves westwards, they gradually lose moisture and
rainfall decreases from east to west over the northern plains.
(v)The clouds are almost exhausted by the time they reach western
Rajasthan.

(i) The low pressure conditions over north-western India, get transferred
to the Bay of Bengal by early November.
(ii) This shift is associated with the occurrence of cyclonic depressions which
originate over the Andaman Sea.
(iii) These cyclones generally cross the eastern coasts of India and cause
heavy and widespread rains.
(iv) These tropical cyclones are often very destructive.
(v) The thickly populated deltas of the Godavari, the Krishna and the
Kaveri are frequently struck by cyclones, which cause great damage to
life and property.
(vi) sometimes, these cyclones arrive at the coasts of Odisha, W. Bengal and
Bangladesh. The bulk of rainfall of the Coromandel coast is derived
from depression and cyclones.

(i) A feeble high pressure area develops over the north-western part of
India in the cold weather season. Light winds begin to blow outwards.
(ii) These dry north-westerlies winds come in contact with the Indian trades
(north-easterlies) over the Ganga valley’
(iii) The direction of north-easterlies changes as a result of this contact as
well as under the influence of topography’
(iv) Their direction is north-westerlies down the Ganga valley and northerlies
over the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta’
(v) Over the Bay of Bengal, the trade winds retain their original north-easterlies direction, as they are free from the influence of any topography
over the sea.

(i) This is the transition period during the months of October and
November.
(ii) with the apparent movement of the sun towards the south, the low
pressure trough over the northern plains becomes weaker. This is
gradually replaced by a high pressure system.
(iii) The south-west monsoon winds weaken and start withdrawing gradually.
(iv) By the beginning of October, the monsoon withdraws from the northern
plains.
(v) The months of October and November form a period of transition from
hot rainy season to dry winter conditions.
(vi) when monsoons retreat, skies get clear and the temperature rises.
(vii) while day temperatures are high, nights are cool and pleasant. The land
is still moist.
(viii) owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather
becomes oppressive during the day. This is commonly known as October
Heat.
(ix) The low pressure conditions get transferred to the Bay of Bengal by
early November.
(x) The cyclonic depressions originate from the Andaman sea and cause
heavy and widespread rains on the eastern coast.