(i) The Indian monsoon has wet and dry spells. The monsoon rains take place only for a few days, at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. (ii) These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough. (iii) The trough and its axis keeps on moving northward or southwRead more
(i) The Indian monsoon has wet and dry spells. The monsoon rains take
place only for a few days, at a time. They are interspersed with rainless
intervals.
(ii) These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon
trough.
(iii) The trough and its axis keeps on moving northward or southward which
determines the distribution of rainfall.
(iv) When the axis of the monsoon trough lies over the plains, rainfall is
good in these parts.
(v) on the other hand, whenever the axis shifts closer to the Himalayas,
there are longer dry spells in the plains and widespread rains in the
mountains catchment areas of the Himalayan rivers.
(vi) These heavy rains bring devastating floods that cause damage to life and
property in the plains.
(i) In early June, the low pressure condition over the northern plains intensify. (ii) These south-east winds cross the equator and blow in south-westerly direction, entering the Indian peninsula as the south-west monsoons. (iii) As these winds blow over warm oceans, they bring abundant moisture toRead more
(i) In early June, the low pressure condition over the northern plains intensify.
(ii) These south-east winds cross the equator and blow in south-westerly direction, entering the Indian peninsula as the south-west monsoons.
(iii) As these winds blow over warm oceans, they bring abundant moisture to the sub-continent.
(iV) These winds are strong and blow at an average velocity of 30 Km per hour.
(v) Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250 cm.
(vi) The maximum rainfall of this season is received in the northeastern part of the country. Mawsynram in khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall in the world.
(vii) Rainfall in the Gangs valley decreases from east to the west Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat get scanty rainfall.
(i) India experiences the hot weather season from the month of March to May. (ii) The temperature in the northern plains of India is between 42 to 45"C and in the Deccan plateau, between 35 to 38"C'. (iii) Towards the end of May, an elongated low pressure area develops in the region extending from tRead more
(i) India experiences the hot weather season from the month of March to
May.
(ii) The temperature in the northern plains of India is between 42 to 45″C
and in the Deccan plateau, between 35 to 38″C’.
(iii) Towards the end of May, an elongated low pressure area develops in
the region extending from the Thar Desert to Patna and chotanagpur
plateau.
(iv) During the hot weather season, strong, gusty, hot, dry winds known as the ‘Loo’ blows. Direct exposure to these winds may even prove to be fatal.
(v) Dust storms are very common during the month of May in northern India. These storms bring temporary relief as they lower the temperatures.
(vi) This is also the season of localised thunderstorms associated with violent winds and torrential rains known as Kaal Baisakhi in West Bengal.
(i) A characteristic feature of the cold weather season over the northern plain is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest. (ii) These low pressure systems originate over the Mediterranean sea and Western Asia and move into India, along with esterly flow. (iii) They causeRead more
(i) A characteristic feature of the cold weather season over the northern
plain is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the
northwest.
(ii) These low pressure systems originate over the Mediterranean sea and Western Asia and move into India, along with esterly flow.
(iii) They cause the much needed winter rainfall, locally known as ‘Mahawat’ is small, it is very useful for rabi crops.
These winds are called western disturbances since they come from the western part of India.
(i) Cold weather season takes place from December-to February. (ii) The temperature decreases from south to north. (iii) The average temperature of the Northern Plains ranges between 10" to 50.C; whereas the average temperature of Chennai is between 24"c to 25"c. (iv) Days are warm and nights are coRead more
(i) Cold weather season takes place from December-to February.
(ii) The temperature decreases from south to north.
(iii) The average temperature of the Northern Plains ranges between 10″ to 50.C;
whereas the average temperature of Chennai is between 24″c to 25″c.
(iv) Days are warm and nights are cold.
(v) During this season, northeast trade winds prevail over the country; they blow from the land to the sea and are dry.
(i) withdrawal or the retreat of monsoon is a more gradual process. (ii) The withdrawal of the monsoon begins in the north western states of India, by early September. (iii) By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula. (iv) The withdrawal from the southern half ofRead more
(i) withdrawal or the retreat of monsoon is a more gradual process.
(ii) The withdrawal of the monsoon begins in the north western states of India, by early September.
(iii) By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula.
(iv) The withdrawal from the southern half of the peninsula is fairly rapid.
(v) By early December, the monsoon withdraws from the rest of the country.
' (i) Normally, when the tropical eastern south pacific ocean experiences high pressure, the tropical eastern Indian ocean experiences low pressure. (ii) But in certain years, there is a reversal in the pressure conditions and the eastern pacific has low pressure in comparison to the Indian ocean. (Read more
‘ (i) Normally, when the tropical eastern south pacific ocean experiences high
pressure, the tropical eastern Indian ocean experiences low pressure.
(ii) But in certain years, there is a reversal in the pressure conditions and the eastern pacific has low pressure in comparison to the Indian ocean.
(iii) This periodic change in pressure conditions is known as southern
Oscillation or SO.
(iv) The difference in pressure over Tahiti, in the pacific ocean and Darwin in northern Australia is computed to predict the intensity of the monsoon.
(v) A feature connected with the So is the El Nino, a warm ocean current
that flows past the peruvian coast, in place of the cold peruvian current every 2 to 5 years.
(vi) The change in pressure conditions are connected to the El Nino. Hence,
the phenomena is referred to as ENSO (EI Nino Southern oscillations).
(i) The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates low pressure on the landmass of India, while the seas around experience comparatively high Pressure. (ii) The shift in the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer over the Ganga plain is a trough of low pressureRead more
(i) The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates low
pressure on the landmass of India, while the seas around experience
comparatively high Pressure.
(ii) The shift in the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
in summer over the Ganga plain is a trough of low pressure in the
equatorial latitude. This is where the northeast and the southeast trade
winds converge.
(iii) The presence of the high pressure, area, east of Madagascar also affects
the Indian monsoons.
(iv) The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which results
in the formation of low pressure area over the plateau.
(v) The movement of the westerly jet streams to the north of the Himalayas
and the presence of tropical easterly jet streams over the Indian Peninsula
during summers, also affects the mechanism of monsoon.
Jet streams are fast flowing winds moving in the upper air of the atmosphere. (i) Sub-tropical Westerly Jet Streams: These jet streams are located approximately over 27'-30' north latitude; therefore, they are known as sub-tropical westerly jet streams. over India, these jet streams blow south of thRead more
Jet streams are fast flowing winds moving in the upper air of the atmosphere.
(i) Sub-tropical Westerly Jet Streams: These jet streams are located
approximately over 27′-30′ north latitude; therefore, they are known
as sub-tropical westerly jet streams. over India, these jet streams blow
south of the Himalayas all through the year except in summer. During
winters, the cyclonic disturbances are brought into India by these jet
streams.
(ii) Tropical-easterly Jet Streams: These easterly jet streams blow over
peninsular India, approximately over l4’N, during the summer months.
it is believed to be responsible for the sudden outbreak of the south-west
monsoon in India.
(i) During winter, a high pressure area develops north of the Himalayas. (ii) Cold dry winds blow from this region to the iow pressure areas over the oceans to the south. (iii) In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over northwestern India. (iv) This causes a completeRead more
(i) During winter, a high pressure area develops north of the Himalayas.
(ii) Cold dry winds blow from this region to the iow pressure areas over the
oceans to the south.
(iii) In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as
over northwestern India.
(iv) This causes a complete reversal of the direction of winds during
summer.
(v) Air moves from the high pressure area over the southern Indian ocean
in a south-westerly direction, crosses the equator and turns right towards
the low Pressure area over the Indian sub-continent.
(vi) These winds are known as south-west monsoon winds.
(vii) These winds blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bling
widespread rainfall over the mainland of India.
what do you understand by the phenomenon of ‘breaks in the rainfall’?
(i) The Indian monsoon has wet and dry spells. The monsoon rains take place only for a few days, at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. (ii) These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough. (iii) The trough and its axis keeps on moving northward or southwRead more
(i) The Indian monsoon has wet and dry spells. The monsoon rains take
See lessplace only for a few days, at a time. They are interspersed with rainless
intervals.
(ii) These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon
trough.
(iii) The trough and its axis keeps on moving northward or southward which
determines the distribution of rainfall.
(iv) When the axis of the monsoon trough lies over the plains, rainfall is
good in these parts.
(v) on the other hand, whenever the axis shifts closer to the Himalayas,
there are longer dry spells in the plains and widespread rains in the
mountains catchment areas of the Himalayan rivers.
(vi) These heavy rains bring devastating floods that cause damage to life and
property in the plains.
Give a brief account of how monsoons advance lnto India.
(i) In early June, the low pressure condition over the northern plains intensify. (ii) These south-east winds cross the equator and blow in south-westerly direction, entering the Indian peninsula as the south-west monsoons. (iii) As these winds blow over warm oceans, they bring abundant moisture toRead more
(i) In early June, the low pressure condition over the northern plains intensify.
See less(ii) These south-east winds cross the equator and blow in south-westerly direction, entering the Indian peninsula as the south-west monsoons.
(iii) As these winds blow over warm oceans, they bring abundant moisture to the sub-continent.
(iV) These winds are strong and blow at an average velocity of 30 Km per hour.
(v) Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250 cm.
(vi) The maximum rainfall of this season is received in the northeastern part of the country. Mawsynram in khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall in the world.
(vii) Rainfall in the Gangs valley decreases from east to the west Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat get scanty rainfall.
State the chief characteristics of the hot weather season in lndia.
(i) India experiences the hot weather season from the month of March to May. (ii) The temperature in the northern plains of India is between 42 to 45"C and in the Deccan plateau, between 35 to 38"C'. (iii) Towards the end of May, an elongated low pressure area develops in the region extending from tRead more
(i) India experiences the hot weather season from the month of March to
See lessMay.
(ii) The temperature in the northern plains of India is between 42 to 45″C
and in the Deccan plateau, between 35 to 38″C’.
(iii) Towards the end of May, an elongated low pressure area develops in
the region extending from the Thar Desert to Patna and chotanagpur
plateau.
(iv) During the hot weather season, strong, gusty, hot, dry winds known as the ‘Loo’ blows. Direct exposure to these winds may even prove to be fatal.
(v) Dust storms are very common during the month of May in northern India. These storms bring temporary relief as they lower the temperatures.
(vi) This is also the season of localised thunderstorms associated with violent winds and torrential rains known as Kaal Baisakhi in West Bengal.
what is the role of ‘western disturbances’ in the Indian climate?
(i) A characteristic feature of the cold weather season over the northern plain is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest. (ii) These low pressure systems originate over the Mediterranean sea and Western Asia and move into India, along with esterly flow. (iii) They causeRead more
(i) A characteristic feature of the cold weather season over the northern
See lessplain is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the
northwest.
(ii) These low pressure systems originate over the Mediterranean sea and Western Asia and move into India, along with esterly flow.
(iii) They cause the much needed winter rainfall, locally known as ‘Mahawat’ is small, it is very useful for rabi crops.
These winds are called western disturbances since they come from the western part of India.
State the chief characteristics of the cold weather season in India.
(i) Cold weather season takes place from December-to February. (ii) The temperature decreases from south to north. (iii) The average temperature of the Northern Plains ranges between 10" to 50.C; whereas the average temperature of Chennai is between 24"c to 25"c. (iv) Days are warm and nights are coRead more
(i) Cold weather season takes place from December-to February.
See less(ii) The temperature decreases from south to north.
(iii) The average temperature of the Northern Plains ranges between 10″ to 50.C;
whereas the average temperature of Chennai is between 24″c to 25″c.
(iv) Days are warm and nights are cold.
(v) During this season, northeast trade winds prevail over the country; they blow from the land to the sea and are dry.
How does the process of withdrawal of monsoon take place in India?
(i) withdrawal or the retreat of monsoon is a more gradual process. (ii) The withdrawal of the monsoon begins in the north western states of India, by early September. (iii) By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula. (iv) The withdrawal from the southern half ofRead more
(i) withdrawal or the retreat of monsoon is a more gradual process.
See less(ii) The withdrawal of the monsoon begins in the north western states of India, by early September.
(iii) By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula.
(iv) The withdrawal from the southern half of the peninsula is fairly rapid.
(v) By early December, the monsoon withdraws from the rest of the country.
What do you understand by the phenomenon of ENSO?
' (i) Normally, when the tropical eastern south pacific ocean experiences high pressure, the tropical eastern Indian ocean experiences low pressure. (ii) But in certain years, there is a reversal in the pressure conditions and the eastern pacific has low pressure in comparison to the Indian ocean. (Read more
‘ (i) Normally, when the tropical eastern south pacific ocean experiences high
See lesspressure, the tropical eastern Indian ocean experiences low pressure.
(ii) But in certain years, there is a reversal in the pressure conditions and the eastern pacific has low pressure in comparison to the Indian ocean.
(iii) This periodic change in pressure conditions is known as southern
Oscillation or SO.
(iv) The difference in pressure over Tahiti, in the pacific ocean and Darwin in northern Australia is computed to predict the intensity of the monsoon.
(v) A feature connected with the So is the El Nino, a warm ocean current
that flows past the peruvian coast, in place of the cold peruvian current every 2 to 5 years.
(vi) The change in pressure conditions are connected to the El Nino. Hence,
the phenomena is referred to as ENSO (EI Nino Southern oscillations).
State the factors which help us understand the mechanism of monsoon.
(i) The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates low pressure on the landmass of India, while the seas around experience comparatively high Pressure. (ii) The shift in the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer over the Ganga plain is a trough of low pressureRead more
(i) The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates low
See lesspressure on the landmass of India, while the seas around experience
comparatively high Pressure.
(ii) The shift in the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
in summer over the Ganga plain is a trough of low pressure in the
equatorial latitude. This is where the northeast and the southeast trade
winds converge.
(iii) The presence of the high pressure, area, east of Madagascar also affects
the Indian monsoons.
(iv) The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which results
in the formation of low pressure area over the plateau.
(v) The movement of the westerly jet streams to the north of the Himalayas
and the presence of tropical easterly jet streams over the Indian Peninsula
during summers, also affects the mechanism of monsoon.
What are jet streams? How do they affect the climate?
Jet streams are fast flowing winds moving in the upper air of the atmosphere. (i) Sub-tropical Westerly Jet Streams: These jet streams are located approximately over 27'-30' north latitude; therefore, they are known as sub-tropical westerly jet streams. over India, these jet streams blow south of thRead more
Jet streams are fast flowing winds moving in the upper air of the atmosphere.
See less(i) Sub-tropical Westerly Jet Streams: These jet streams are located
approximately over 27′-30′ north latitude; therefore, they are known
as sub-tropical westerly jet streams. over India, these jet streams blow
south of the Himalayas all through the year except in summer. During
winters, the cyclonic disturbances are brought into India by these jet
streams.
(ii) Tropical-easterly Jet Streams: These easterly jet streams blow over
peninsular India, approximately over l4’N, during the summer months.
it is believed to be responsible for the sudden outbreak of the south-west
monsoon in India.
state how the pressure and wind conditions over India are unique.
(i) During winter, a high pressure area develops north of the Himalayas. (ii) Cold dry winds blow from this region to the iow pressure areas over the oceans to the south. (iii) In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over northwestern India. (iv) This causes a completeRead more
(i) During winter, a high pressure area develops north of the Himalayas.
See less(ii) Cold dry winds blow from this region to the iow pressure areas over the
oceans to the south.
(iii) In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as
over northwestern India.
(iv) This causes a complete reversal of the direction of winds during
summer.
(v) Air moves from the high pressure area over the southern Indian ocean
in a south-westerly direction, crosses the equator and turns right towards
the low Pressure area over the Indian sub-continent.
(vi) These winds are known as south-west monsoon winds.
(vii) These winds blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bling
widespread rainfall over the mainland of India.