(a) At present there is about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India as mentioned below: (i) Forest' degraded area – 28% (ii) Water eroded area – 56% (iii) Wind eroded area – 10% (iv) Saline and Alkaline land – 6% (b) Following factors/human factors are responsible for land degradation in InRead more
(a) At present there is about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India as mentioned below:
(i) Forest’ degraded area – 28%
(ii) Water eroded area – 56%
(iii) Wind eroded area – 10%
(iv) Saline and Alkaline land – 6%
(b) Following factors/human factors are responsible for land degradation in India:
(l) Mining: Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over burdening. In states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and
Orissa deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation.
(ii) Overgrazing: In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is the main reason for land degradation.
(iii) Over-irrigation: In the states of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
(iv) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry generate dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into soil after it settles down on the land. Thus industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.
Land resources are used for the following purposes: (i) Forests. (ii) Land not available for cultivation. (a) Barren and wasteland. (b) Land put to non-agricultural uses e.g,., buildings, roads and factories etc. (iii) Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land). (a) Permanent pastures and graziRead more
Land resources are used for the following purposes:
(i) Forests.
(ii) Land not available for cultivation.
(a) Barren and wasteland.
(b) Land put to non-agricultural uses e.g,., buildings, roads and factories etc.
(iii) Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land).
(a) Permanent pastures and grazing land.
(b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves (not included in net sown area).
(c) Culturable wasteland (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years).
(iv) Fallow lands:
(a) Current fallow (left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year).
(b) Other than current fallow (Ieft uncultivated. for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years).
(v) Net sown area: Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross cropped area.
India has a variety of relief features of land 1.e., mountains, plateaus, plains and islands. (i) 43 per cent of land is plain. It is useful for agriculture and industry. (ii) 30 per cent of the total land area is mountainous which ensures perennial flow of some rivers. The mountains provide facilitRead more
India has a variety of relief features of land 1.e., mountains, plateaus, plains and islands.
(i) 43 per cent of land is plain. It is useful for agriculture and industry.
(ii) 30 per cent of the total land area is mountainous which ensures perennial flow of some rivers. The mountains provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects.
(iii) 27 per cent area is plateau region which possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.
(a) Conservation is defined as the management of resources by human beings in a judicious and planned way without disturbing environment. (b) It is necessary due to the following reasons: (i) We have limited quantity of resources. (ii) Irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may leaRead more
(a) Conservation is defined as the management of resources by human beings in a judicious and planned way without disturbing environment.
(b) It is necessary due to the following reasons:
(i) We have limited quantity of resources.
(ii) Irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems.
(iii) It is also required for sustainable development.
(c) Gandhi ji said, ‘There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed’. He stated that the root cause for resource depletion at the global level was the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology. He was against mass production and was in favour of the production by the masses.
In India efforts have been made from the beginning of the First Five year plan to achieve the goals of resource planning. Generally for the development of any region the -availability of resources is a necessary condition besides corresponding changes in technology and institutions. In India, many rRead more
In India efforts have been made from the beginning of the First Five year plan to achieve the goals of resource planning. Generally for the development of any region the -availability of resources is a necessary condition besides corresponding changes in technology and institutions. In India, many regions are rich in resources but these are included in economically backward regions and vice-versa. During British rule in India, the Britishers with higher level of technological development exploited our resources. Therefore, in India resource development means the availability of resources as well as the technology, quality of human resources and the historical experience of the people.
Explain causes for land degradation.
(a) At present there is about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India as mentioned below: (i) Forest' degraded area – 28% (ii) Water eroded area – 56% (iii) Wind eroded area – 10% (iv) Saline and Alkaline land – 6% (b) Following factors/human factors are responsible for land degradation in InRead more
(a) At present there is about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India as mentioned below:
See less(i) Forest’ degraded area – 28%
(ii) Water eroded area – 56%
(iii) Wind eroded area – 10%
(iv) Saline and Alkaline land – 6%
(b) Following factors/human factors are responsible for land degradation in India:
(l) Mining: Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over burdening. In states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and
Orissa deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation.
(ii) Overgrazing: In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is the main reason for land degradation.
(iii) Over-irrigation: In the states of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
(iv) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry generate dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into soil after it settles down on the land. Thus industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.
How are land resources used?
Land resources are used for the following purposes: (i) Forests. (ii) Land not available for cultivation. (a) Barren and wasteland. (b) Land put to non-agricultural uses e.g,., buildings, roads and factories etc. (iii) Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land). (a) Permanent pastures and graziRead more
Land resources are used for the following purposes:
See less(i) Forests.
(ii) Land not available for cultivation.
(a) Barren and wasteland.
(b) Land put to non-agricultural uses e.g,., buildings, roads and factories etc.
(iii) Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land).
(a) Permanent pastures and grazing land.
(b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves (not included in net sown area).
(c) Culturable wasteland (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years).
(iv) Fallow lands:
(a) Current fallow (left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year).
(b) Other than current fallow (Ieft uncultivated. for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years).
(v) Net sown area: Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross cropped area.
Describe the relief features of land in India and their importance.
India has a variety of relief features of land 1.e., mountains, plateaus, plains and islands. (i) 43 per cent of land is plain. It is useful for agriculture and industry. (ii) 30 per cent of the total land area is mountainous which ensures perennial flow of some rivers. The mountains provide facilitRead more
India has a variety of relief features of land 1.e., mountains, plateaus, plains and islands.
See less(i) 43 per cent of land is plain. It is useful for agriculture and industry.
(ii) 30 per cent of the total land area is mountainous which ensures perennial flow of some rivers. The mountains provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects.
(iii) 27 per cent area is plateau region which possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.
What is conservation? Why is conservation of resources necessary? What are the views of Gandhi ji about resource conservation?
(a) Conservation is defined as the management of resources by human beings in a judicious and planned way without disturbing environment. (b) It is necessary due to the following reasons: (i) We have limited quantity of resources. (ii) Irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may leaRead more
(a) Conservation is defined as the management of resources by human beings in a judicious and planned way without disturbing environment.
See less(b) It is necessary due to the following reasons:
(i) We have limited quantity of resources.
(ii) Irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems.
(iii) It is also required for sustainable development.
(c) Gandhi ji said, ‘There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed’. He stated that the root cause for resource depletion at the global level was the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology. He was against mass production and was in favour of the production by the masses.
What does Resource planning in India involve?
In India efforts have been made from the beginning of the First Five year plan to achieve the goals of resource planning. Generally for the development of any region the -availability of resources is a necessary condition besides corresponding changes in technology and institutions. In India, many rRead more
In India efforts have been made from the beginning of the First Five year plan to achieve the goals of resource planning. Generally for the development of any region the -availability of resources is a necessary condition besides corresponding changes in technology and institutions. In India, many regions are rich in resources but these are included in economically backward regions and vice-versa. During British rule in India, the Britishers with higher level of technological development exploited our resources. Therefore, in India resource development means the availability of resources as well as the technology, quality of human resources and the historical experience of the people.
See less