The centre state relations have been restructured to strengthen federalism in the following ways. (i) Linguistic States : After independence, in 1950 the boundaries of several old states were changed in order to create new states. This was done to ensure that the people who spoke the same language,Read more
The centre state relations have been restructured to strengthen federalism in the following ways. (i) Linguistic States : After independence, in 1950 the boundaries of several old states were changed in order to create new states. This was done to ensure that the people who spoke the same language, share the same culture, ethnicity could live in the same state.
(ii) Language Policy : Besides Hindi, 21 other languages were in the eighth schedule of the Indian constitution. Though Hindi was identified as the optional langiage but the central Government did not impose Hindi on states where people spoke a different language.
(iii) Centre – State Relations : It is the care of federalism and they are regulated by the provisions of the constitution. Indian constitution has demarcated the powers of the union and the state governments but still the Union Government can have influence over the state in many ways.
Gram Sabha includes all the adult people of the village. Functions : (i) It elects the members of the gram panchayat. (ii) It reviews the performance of gram panchayat. (iii) It supervises the work of the gram panchayat.
Gram Sabha includes all the adult people of the village. Functions :
(i) It elects the members of the gram panchayat.
(ii) It reviews the performance of gram panchayat.
(iii) It supervises the work of the gram panchayat.
(i) After 1947, the boundaries of several old states of India were proposed to be changed to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same state. (ii) Some states like Nagaland were not created on the basis of language but because of their distinct culture, ethnicity and geographyRead more
(i) After 1947, the boundaries of several old states of India were proposed to be changed to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same state.
(ii) Some states like Nagaland were not created on the basis of language but because of their distinct culture, ethnicity and geography.
(iii) When the demand for the formation of linguistic states rose, some leaders feared that it would again lead to disintegration.
(iv) But when the actual creation of states was done on the basis of language, it so proved that the country was more united. This process did away with all fears and tension.
(v) Thus, the framing of the language policy was the test for Indian federation. It inspired the confidence in different language speaking people that no language will be imposed on them. In a way language policy has strengthened the unity and integrity of India.
The following steps were taken towards decentralization after 1992. (i) It was made constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies. (ii) Seats were reserved for scheduled castes (SCS) Scheduled Tribles (STs) and OBCs. (iii) Women were given one-third representation.Read more
The following steps were taken towards decentralization after 1992.
(i) It was made constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
(ii) Seats were reserved for scheduled castes (SCS) Scheduled Tribles (STs) and OBCs.
(iii) Women were given one-third representation.
(iv) An independent institution called state election commission, was created to conduct local body elections.
(v) State governments were required to share their power and revenue with local bodies.
A federation is a country in which the powers are divided between the union and its constituents. (i) Two or more levels of government: Union Government, State Government and Local Government. (ii) Three Lists : Union List, State List & Concurrent List. (iii) Rigid Constituion (iv) Bicameral LegRead more
A federation is a country in which the powers are divided between the union and its constituents.
(i) Two or more levels of government: Union Government, State Government and Local Government. (ii) Three Lists : Union List, State List & Concurrent List.
(iii) Rigid Constituion
(iv) Bicameral Legislature. Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha
(v) Financial Autonomy: The revenue sources of both the centre and states have been clearly defined.
(vi) Independent Judiciary
Coming Together Federation: 1. Under this, independent states come together on their own to from a bigger unit. 2. All constituents states usually have equal powers and the states enjoy certain amount of autonomy. 3. The main aim of the federation is to pool their sovereignty and maintain their sepeRead more
Coming Together Federation:
1. Under this, independent states come together on their own to from a bigger unit.
2. All constituents states usually have equal powers and the states enjoy certain amount of autonomy.
3. The main aim of the federation is to pool their sovereignty and maintain their seperate identity to
increase their security.
4. Some examples are USA, Australia, and switzerland.
Holding Together Federation:
1. Under this, a large country decides to divide its powers between the constituent units and the national government.
2. Under this, central government tends to be more powerful.
3. In this type of federation, there is an absence of pooling sovereignty and maintaining identity. increase their security.
4. Some examples are India Belgium and Spain.
(i) Power sharing arrangement between the central and state government (ii) Independent role of judiciary. (iii) Language ethnicity. (iv) Response to conflicting claims. (v) Active participates of the people.
(i) Power sharing arrangement between the central and state government
(ii) Independent role of judiciary.
(iii) Language ethnicity.
(iv) Response to conflicting claims.
(v) Active participates of the people.
The importance of local government. (i) Various problems are sorted out at local level. (ii) It helps the people to directly participate in decision making. (iii) It reduces the burden of central Government. (iv) Local government is according to decentralisation of power.
The importance of local government.
(i) Various problems are sorted out at local level.
(ii) It helps the people to directly participate in decision making.
(iii) It reduces the burden of central Government.
(iv) Local government is according to decentralisation of power.
(i) In a federal system, power is divided at different levels. For example at the government level among the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. At the government level among the central Government, state Government and Local Government. Each level of Government and its organs are free to work inRead more
(i) In a federal system, power is divided at different levels. For example at the government level among the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. At the government level among the central Government, state Government and Local Government. Each level of Government and its organs are free to work in their jurisdiction.
(ii) On the other hand in the unitary form of Government, all the powers are rested in the hands of national government. In this system either there is one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate of central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or local government. For example, Sri Lanka, China etc
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Tiwari Academy is best
Tiwari Academy is best
See lessHow have the centre-state relations been restructured to strengthen federalism?
The centre state relations have been restructured to strengthen federalism in the following ways. (i) Linguistic States : After independence, in 1950 the boundaries of several old states were changed in order to create new states. This was done to ensure that the people who spoke the same language,Read more
The centre state relations have been restructured to strengthen federalism in the following ways. (i) Linguistic States : After independence, in 1950 the boundaries of several old states were changed in order to create new states. This was done to ensure that the people who spoke the same language, share the same culture, ethnicity could live in the same state.
See less(ii) Language Policy : Besides Hindi, 21 other languages were in the eighth schedule of the Indian constitution. Though Hindi was identified as the optional langiage but the central Government did not impose Hindi on states where people spoke a different language.
(iii) Centre – State Relations : It is the care of federalism and they are regulated by the provisions of the constitution. Indian constitution has demarcated the powers of the union and the state governments but still the Union Government can have influence over the state in many ways.
What is Gram Sabha? Describe any four functions of a Gram Sabha.
Gram Sabha includes all the adult people of the village. Functions : (i) It elects the members of the gram panchayat. (ii) It reviews the performance of gram panchayat. (iii) It supervises the work of the gram panchayat.
Gram Sabha includes all the adult people of the village. Functions :
See less(i) It elects the members of the gram panchayat.
(ii) It reviews the performance of gram panchayat.
(iii) It supervises the work of the gram panchayat.
The creation of linguistic states was the first and the major test of democratic politics in our country. Justify the statement.
(i) After 1947, the boundaries of several old states of India were proposed to be changed to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same state. (ii) Some states like Nagaland were not created on the basis of language but because of their distinct culture, ethnicity and geographyRead more
(i) After 1947, the boundaries of several old states of India were proposed to be changed to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same state.
See less(ii) Some states like Nagaland were not created on the basis of language but because of their distinct culture, ethnicity and geography.
(iii) When the demand for the formation of linguistic states rose, some leaders feared that it would again lead to disintegration.
(iv) But when the actual creation of states was done on the basis of language, it so proved that the country was more united. This process did away with all fears and tension.
(v) Thus, the framing of the language policy was the test for Indian federation. It inspired the confidence in different language speaking people that no language will be imposed on them. In a way language policy has strengthened the unity and integrity of India.
Explain five changes towards decentralisation brought in the constitution after the amendments made in 1992.
The following steps were taken towards decentralization after 1992. (i) It was made constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies. (ii) Seats were reserved for scheduled castes (SCS) Scheduled Tribles (STs) and OBCs. (iii) Women were given one-third representation.Read more
The following steps were taken towards decentralization after 1992.
See less(i) It was made constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
(ii) Seats were reserved for scheduled castes (SCS) Scheduled Tribles (STs) and OBCs.
(iii) Women were given one-third representation.
(iv) An independent institution called state election commission, was created to conduct local body elections.
(v) State governments were required to share their power and revenue with local bodies.
Which five provisions of Indian constitution make India a full-fledged federation?
A federation is a country in which the powers are divided between the union and its constituents. (i) Two or more levels of government: Union Government, State Government and Local Government. (ii) Three Lists : Union List, State List & Concurrent List. (iii) Rigid Constituion (iv) Bicameral LegRead more
A federation is a country in which the powers are divided between the union and its constituents.
See less(i) Two or more levels of government: Union Government, State Government and Local Government. (ii) Three Lists : Union List, State List & Concurrent List.
(iii) Rigid Constituion
(iv) Bicameral Legislature. Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha
(v) Financial Autonomy: The revenue sources of both the centre and states have been clearly defined.
(vi) Independent Judiciary
Compare the federations of coming together type and holding together type?
Coming Together Federation: 1. Under this, independent states come together on their own to from a bigger unit. 2. All constituents states usually have equal powers and the states enjoy certain amount of autonomy. 3. The main aim of the federation is to pool their sovereignty and maintain their sepeRead more
Coming Together Federation:
See less1. Under this, independent states come together on their own to from a bigger unit.
2. All constituents states usually have equal powers and the states enjoy certain amount of autonomy.
3. The main aim of the federation is to pool their sovereignty and maintain their seperate identity to
increase their security.
4. Some examples are USA, Australia, and switzerland.
Holding Together Federation:
1. Under this, a large country decides to divide its powers between the constituent units and the national government.
2. Under this, central government tends to be more powerful.
3. In this type of federation, there is an absence of pooling sovereignty and maintaining identity. increase their security.
4. Some examples are India Belgium and Spain.
What other factors besides politics keep the federations united?
(i) Power sharing arrangement between the central and state government (ii) Independent role of judiciary. (iii) Language ethnicity. (iv) Response to conflicting claims. (v) Active participates of the people.
(i) Power sharing arrangement between the central and state government
See less(ii) Independent role of judiciary.
(iii) Language ethnicity.
(iv) Response to conflicting claims.
(v) Active participates of the people.
Describe importance of local government in present day democracy?
The importance of local government. (i) Various problems are sorted out at local level. (ii) It helps the people to directly participate in decision making. (iii) It reduces the burden of central Government. (iv) Local government is according to decentralisation of power.
The importance of local government.
See less(i) Various problems are sorted out at local level.
(ii) It helps the people to directly participate in decision making.
(iii) It reduces the burden of central Government.
(iv) Local government is according to decentralisation of power.
What is the difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with examples ?
(i) In a federal system, power is divided at different levels. For example at the government level among the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. At the government level among the central Government, state Government and Local Government. Each level of Government and its organs are free to work inRead more
(i) In a federal system, power is divided at different levels. For example at the government level among the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. At the government level among the central Government, state Government and Local Government. Each level of Government and its organs are free to work in their jurisdiction.
See less(ii) On the other hand in the unitary form of Government, all the powers are rested in the hands of national government. In this system either there is one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate of central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or local government. For example, Sri Lanka, China etc