1. The differences between the overlapping difference and cross-cutting difference are as mentioned below: Overlapping difference:- (i) Overlapping difference leads to social divisions. (ii) Overlapping differences are difficult to Accommodate. (iii) There is much difference between two groups e.g., inRead more

    The differences between the overlapping difference and cross-cutting difference are as
    mentioned below:
    Overlapping difference:-
    (i) Overlapping difference leads to social divisions.
    (ii) Overlapping differences are difficult to Accommodate.
    (iii) There is much difference between two groups e.g., in the US, Blacks are poor, homeless and discriminated. In India, Dalits are poor and landless.
    cross-cutting difference:-
    (i) It is difficult to pit one group of people against the other because different groups share a common interest on one issue but are likely to be on different sides on different issues’
    (ii) Cross-cutting differences are easier to accumulate.
    (iii) There is no difference between two groups e.g., in Netherlands Catholics and Protestants are equally poor as well as rich.

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  2. Every social difference does not lead to social division. Social differences divide similar people but at the same time can unite very different people. People belonging to different social groups share differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of their group. For example, what happRead more

    Every social difference does not lead to social division. Social differences divide similar people but at the same time can unite very different people. People belonging to different social groups share differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of their group. For example, what happened at Mexico Olympic. Carlos and Smith were African- Americans and were similar but Norman was different’ He was white and an Australian’ However, one similarity among three was that they were all athletes who were against racial discrimination. This similarity brought them together. Thus every social difference does not lead to social division but they also unite very different people.

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  3. Origins of social difference are based on birth and choice as given below: (i) Social difference based on birth: People cannot take birth in a community or family of their choice. Some are born in rich family, while others in a poor family. Some are blacks while others are whites. So social differenRead more

    Origins of social difference are based on birth and choice as given below:
    (i) Social difference based on birth: People cannot take birth in a community or family of their choice. Some are born in rich family, while others in a poor family. Some are blacks while others are whites. So social difference are based on accident of birth. Men do not have any control over these differences.
    (ii) Social differences based on choice: Some differences are, however, based on choice’ Some people are atheists. One can choose his own religion. and course of his study. One can choose profession of his own preference. All such choices or preferences lead to social differences.

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  4. The differences between the Civil Rights Movement and the Black power were as mentioned Movement below: Civil Rights Movement:- (i) it started in 1954 and lasted till 1968. (ii) Its aim was abolishing legal racial discrimination against African Americans. (iii) It was Led by Martin Luther King Jr. (Read more

    The differences between the Civil Rights Movement and the Black power were as mentioned Movement below:
    Civil Rights Movement:-
    (i) it started in 1954 and lasted till 1968.
    (ii) Its aim was abolishing legal racial discrimination against African Americans.
    (iii) It was Led by Martin Luther King Jr.
    (iv) This movement practiced non-violent methods of civil disobedience against racially discriminatory laws and practices.
    Black Power Movement:-
    (i) It started in 1966 and lusted till lg75.
    (ii) It was anti-racist movement.
    (iii) It was a more militant anti-racist movement and even advocated violence, if necessary to end racism in the US.
    (iv) This movement was highlighted in 1968 Mexico Olympics when Carlos and Smith wore black socks and no shoes at the medal ceremony to draw international attention to racial discrimination in the United States.

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  5. a) In the 1968 Mexico Olympics the US athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos had won the gold and bronze medals of the 200 metres race. They were African-Americans. (b) At the medal ceremony they wore black socks and no shoes to represent Black poverty. Aim:- (c) With this gesture they tried to drawRead more

    a) In the 1968 Mexico Olympics the US athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos had
    won the gold and bronze medals of the 200 metres race. They were African-Americans.
    (b) At the medal ceremony they wore black socks and no shoes to represent Black poverty.
    Aim:-
    (c) With this gesture they tried to draw international attention to racial discrimination in the United States.
    (d) The black-gloved and raised clenched fists were meant to symbolise Black Power.
    (e) Peter Norman, an Australian silver medallist, wore a human rights badge on his shirt during the ceremony to show his support to the two Americans.
    Consequences:-
    (f) (i) The International Olympic Association held Carlos and Smith guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement and took their medals back.
    (ii) In USA they were criticised for their action.
    (iii) In Australia, Norman was not included in the Australian team for the next Olympic.
    (iv) As a result of their action, the athletes succeeded in drawing international attention for the Civil Rights Movement.
    (v) Later on ‘San Jose State’ University honoured Carlos and Smith, their former students, and installed their statues in the University Campus.
    (vi) When Norman died in 2006, Smith and Carlos were pallbearers at his funeral.

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