(a) Naphthalene balls disappearing without leaving any solid residue: Naphthalene balls, commonly used as mothballs or insect repellents, sublimate. Sublimation is a process where a solid substance transitions directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Naphthalene has this propertRead more
(a) Naphthalene balls disappearing without leaving any solid residue:
Naphthalene balls, commonly used as mothballs or insect repellents, sublimate. Sublimation is a process where a solid substance transitions directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Naphthalene has this property; when exposed to air, it undergoes sublimation, converting from a solid directly to a gas. Hence, over time, the naphthalene balls gradually evaporate, disappearing without leaving any visible solid residue.
(b) The alluring scent of perfume can be detected from several meters away. This is because perfumes contain volatile aromatic compounds that have the ability to evaporate into the air. These tiny molecules quickly disperse into the surrounding atmosphere, making it easy for them to travel a significant distance. Whether it’s lingering on someone’s skin or clothing, the fragrance of the perfume can easily be perceived from afar due to the fast diffusion of these lightweight compounds.
Matter refers to any object that takes up space and has weight. >> Chair: Matter forms a part of a chair. It has weight as well as volume >> Air: Yes, air is matter. It is made up of invisible gases that take space and are heavy. >> Love and hate: These are emotions or sentiments,Read more
Matter refers to any object that takes up space and has weight.
>> Chair: Matter forms a part of a chair. It has weight as well as volume
>> Air: Yes, air is matter. It is made up of invisible gases that take space and are heavy.
>> Love and hate: These are emotions or sentiments, which, as such, do not make up matter. Instead, they are psychological states rather than physical objects.
>> Smell: Smell itself is not matter. The perception of scents is merely the smell particles that are sensed in the air.
>> Almonds: Yes, almonds are matter. These are physical things which possess weight and occupy space.
>> Thought: These are basically mental processes that have no physical stuff and thus they cannot be perceived as a kind of matter.
>> Cold: Coldness, however, is simply a phenomenon, not substance. It’s without heat or with less amount of heat energy.
>> Cold drink: Matter in that case would be the drink itself, either hot or not hot. It’s the liquid with weight and volume.
>> Smell of perfume: Just like the smell, that of perfume are molecules sensed by a person’s nose and not matter as it exists itself.
The observation that the smell of hot sizzling food travels further than the smell of cold food can be explained by several factors related to the nature of molecules and their behavior at different temperatures: 1. Rate of diffusion: During the process of cooking, the molecules in the food become eRead more
The observation that the smell of hot sizzling food travels further than the smell of cold food can be explained by several factors related to the nature of molecules and their behavior at different temperatures:
1. Rate of diffusion: During the process of cooking, the molecules in the food become energetic due to heating and start moving at a faster pace. The increase in molecular motion increases the rate at which these aroma-carrying molecules diffuse outwards into the surrounding air. Consequently, the smell passes and affects the nose at a greater distance.
2. Vapor pressure: Vapor pressure increases with higher temperature for most substances of interest. Volatile compounds that give the hot food its aroma have high vapour pressure at a higher temperature. These molecules have high vapor pressures, which make it easy for them to diffuse away from the food. Therefore, the smell is noticeable even from a distance because of this elevated vapor pressure.
3. Convection currents: When hot plates or pans are placed on a table, they create convective currents in the hot air resulting from them. They convey the odor molecules away upwards and away from the food source and help distribute the aroma over huge distances.
4. Sensitivity of our olfactory system: A stronger sense of smell towards some volatile compounds which are emitted could also mean that they were emitted at a relatively higher temperature. The aroma from hot food might therefore be detectable at a longer distance than the aroma of cold food due to this sensitivity.
The phenomena of a diver cutting through water in a swimming pool shows that matter possesses the property of fluidity or fluid behavior. Substances with the property of fluidity are able to change shapes and flow while remaining together without falling apart. Fluids refer to liquids and gases thatRead more
The phenomena of a diver cutting through water in a swimming pool shows that matter possesses the property of fluidity or fluid behavior.
Substances with the property of fluidity are able to change shapes and flow while remaining together without falling apart. Fluids refer to liquids and gases that have no definite shape and they flow whenever they are subjected to an external force.
Fluidity exists in water that is a liquid. In swimming pool, the water molecules are able to get out of the way easily and move around the diver’s body as it passes through thus, no much resistance is experienced by the diver and it swims freely cutting through the water. This allows the diver to move through water quite free, experiencing less resistance than one would when moving through a wall, which is not a fluid-behaving object.
The particles of matter, whether they belong to solids, liquids, or gases, possess several key characteristics: 1. Mass: Mass is weight that is related to the particles of matter in an object. This bulk provides to the general characteristics of the material. 2. Volume: Particles have volume since tRead more
The particles of matter, whether they belong to solids, liquids, or gases, possess several key characteristics:
1. Mass: Mass is weight that is related to the particles of matter in an object. This bulk provides to the general characteristics of the material.
2. Volume: Particles have volume since they occupy space. However, the volume they occupy varies according to the state of matter (solid, liquid and gaseous).
3. Particle Motion: Matter is constituted of moving particles. This motion is in accordance with the state of matter which can either be in the solid and liquid state. Particles in solids normally experience motion with oscillations around fixed places. Particles in liquid are also mobile since they may get away from each other and yet almost at a contact. Gas particles are free and fast that occupy any available space in the universe.
4. Forces Between Particles: Matter particles attract each other through contact. These forces are strong enough to make the particles in solids pack closely and in a fixed fashion. In liquids, the forces are less compared to solids; hence the particles can pass each other without moving too far apart. The forces between particles in a gas are meager, and the particles move nearly independently.
5. Energy: Kinetic energy of the particles is a direct result of their motion incessantly. Solids have the lowest kinetic energy of particles, whereas gases have the most kinetic energy of particles.
6. Arrangement: State is determined by the way in which particles are arranged in matter. Particles of solids usually have an orderly arrangement into a structured pattern. Unlike crystals, particles in liquids are less ordered and more spread-out. The particles are highly disorganized and lack any organization for a gas.
This knowledge helps explain why states of matter behave differently during temperature variations, pressure, and other external conditions.
Give reason for the following observations. (a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid. (b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several meters away.
(a) Naphthalene balls disappearing without leaving any solid residue: Naphthalene balls, commonly used as mothballs or insect repellents, sublimate. Sublimation is a process where a solid substance transitions directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Naphthalene has this propertRead more
(a) Naphthalene balls disappearing without leaving any solid residue:
Naphthalene balls, commonly used as mothballs or insect repellents, sublimate. Sublimation is a process where a solid substance transitions directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Naphthalene has this property; when exposed to air, it undergoes sublimation, converting from a solid directly to a gas. Hence, over time, the naphthalene balls gradually evaporate, disappearing without leaving any visible solid residue.
(b) The alluring scent of perfume can be detected from several meters away. This is because perfumes contain volatile aromatic compounds that have the ability to evaporate into the air. These tiny molecules quickly disperse into the surrounding atmosphere, making it easy for them to travel a significant distance. Whether it’s lingering on someone’s skin or clothing, the fragrance of the perfume can easily be perceived from afar due to the fast diffusion of these lightweight compounds.
See lessWhich of the following are matter? Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold drink, smell of perfume.
Matter refers to any object that takes up space and has weight. >> Chair: Matter forms a part of a chair. It has weight as well as volume >> Air: Yes, air is matter. It is made up of invisible gases that take space and are heavy. >> Love and hate: These are emotions or sentiments,Read more
Matter refers to any object that takes up space and has weight.
>> Chair: Matter forms a part of a chair. It has weight as well as volume
See less>> Air: Yes, air is matter. It is made up of invisible gases that take space and are heavy.
>> Love and hate: These are emotions or sentiments, which, as such, do not make up matter. Instead, they are psychological states rather than physical objects.
>> Smell: Smell itself is not matter. The perception of scents is merely the smell particles that are sensed in the air.
>> Almonds: Yes, almonds are matter. These are physical things which possess weight and occupy space.
>> Thought: These are basically mental processes that have no physical stuff and thus they cannot be perceived as a kind of matter.
>> Cold: Coldness, however, is simply a phenomenon, not substance. It’s without heat or with less amount of heat energy.
>> Cold drink: Matter in that case would be the drink itself, either hot or not hot. It’s the liquid with weight and volume.
>> Smell of perfume: Just like the smell, that of perfume are molecules sensed by a person’s nose and not matter as it exists itself.
Give reasons for the following observation:
The observation that the smell of hot sizzling food travels further than the smell of cold food can be explained by several factors related to the nature of molecules and their behavior at different temperatures: 1. Rate of diffusion: During the process of cooking, the molecules in the food become eRead more
The observation that the smell of hot sizzling food travels further than the smell of cold food can be explained by several factors related to the nature of molecules and their behavior at different temperatures:
1. Rate of diffusion: During the process of cooking, the molecules in the food become energetic due to heating and start moving at a faster pace. The increase in molecular motion increases the rate at which these aroma-carrying molecules diffuse outwards into the surrounding air. Consequently, the smell passes and affects the nose at a greater distance.
See less2. Vapor pressure: Vapor pressure increases with higher temperature for most substances of interest. Volatile compounds that give the hot food its aroma have high vapour pressure at a higher temperature. These molecules have high vapor pressures, which make it easy for them to diffuse away from the food. Therefore, the smell is noticeable even from a distance because of this elevated vapor pressure.
3. Convection currents: When hot plates or pans are placed on a table, they create convective currents in the hot air resulting from them. They convey the odor molecules away upwards and away from the food source and help distribute the aroma over huge distances.
4. Sensitivity of our olfactory system: A stronger sense of smell towards some volatile compounds which are emitted could also mean that they were emitted at a relatively higher temperature. The aroma from hot food might therefore be detectable at a longer distance than the aroma of cold food due to this sensitivity.
A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this observation show?
The phenomena of a diver cutting through water in a swimming pool shows that matter possesses the property of fluidity or fluid behavior. Substances with the property of fluidity are able to change shapes and flow while remaining together without falling apart. Fluids refer to liquids and gases thatRead more
The phenomena of a diver cutting through water in a swimming pool shows that matter possesses the property of fluidity or fluid behavior.
Substances with the property of fluidity are able to change shapes and flow while remaining together without falling apart. Fluids refer to liquids and gases that have no definite shape and they flow whenever they are subjected to an external force.
Fluidity exists in water that is a liquid. In swimming pool, the water molecules are able to get out of the way easily and move around the diver’s body as it passes through thus, no much resistance is experienced by the diver and it swims freely cutting through the water. This allows the diver to move through water quite free, experiencing less resistance than one would when moving through a wall, which is not a fluid-behaving object.
See lessWhat are the characteristics of the particles of matter?
The particles of matter, whether they belong to solids, liquids, or gases, possess several key characteristics: 1. Mass: Mass is weight that is related to the particles of matter in an object. This bulk provides to the general characteristics of the material. 2. Volume: Particles have volume since tRead more
The particles of matter, whether they belong to solids, liquids, or gases, possess several key characteristics:
1. Mass: Mass is weight that is related to the particles of matter in an object. This bulk provides to the general characteristics of the material.
2. Volume: Particles have volume since they occupy space. However, the volume they occupy varies according to the state of matter (solid, liquid and gaseous).
3. Particle Motion: Matter is constituted of moving particles. This motion is in accordance with the state of matter which can either be in the solid and liquid state. Particles in solids normally experience motion with oscillations around fixed places. Particles in liquid are also mobile since they may get away from each other and yet almost at a contact. Gas particles are free and fast that occupy any available space in the universe.
4. Forces Between Particles: Matter particles attract each other through contact. These forces are strong enough to make the particles in solids pack closely and in a fixed fashion. In liquids, the forces are less compared to solids; hence the particles can pass each other without moving too far apart. The forces between particles in a gas are meager, and the particles move nearly independently.
5. Energy: Kinetic energy of the particles is a direct result of their motion incessantly. Solids have the lowest kinetic energy of particles, whereas gases have the most kinetic energy of particles.
6. Arrangement: State is determined by the way in which particles are arranged in matter. Particles of solids usually have an orderly arrangement into a structured pattern. Unlike crystals, particles in liquids are less ordered and more spread-out. The particles are highly disorganized and lack any organization for a gas.
This knowledge helps explain why states of matter behave differently during temperature variations, pressure, and other external conditions.
See less