(i) Most of the tribal in India live in far off villages. (ii) They look after earth, show respect to the spirit of rivers, forests and mountain. (iii) If they want to buy some wood or take wood fi-om other villagers, they pay taxes like dausari. (iv) Some tribals also keep men for protecting theirRead more
(i) Most of the tribal in India live in far off villages.
(ii) They look after earth, show respect to the spirit of rivers, forests and
mountain.
(iii) If they want to buy some wood or take wood fi-om other villagers, they
pay taxes like dausari.
(iv) Some tribals also keep men for protecting their forests.
(v) They also do hunting for fuel, animals’ meat etc.
(i) Java is now famous as a rice-producing island in Indonesia. (ii) But once upon a time it was covered mostly with forests. (iii) The colonial powers in Indonesia was the Dutch and there were many similarities in the laws for forest control in Indonesia and India. (iv) Java in Indonesia is where tRead more
(i) Java is now famous as a rice-producing island in Indonesia.
(ii) But once upon a time it was covered mostly with forests.
(iii) The colonial powers in Indonesia was the Dutch and there were many similarities in the laws for forest control in Indonesia and India.
(iv) Java in Indonesia is where the Dutch started forest management. Like the British, they wanted tribes from Java to build ships.
(v) In 1600, the population of Java was an estimated 3.4 million. There were many villages in the fertile plains, but there were also many communities living in the mountains and practising shifting cultivation.
(i) The people of Bastar believe that each village was given its land by the Earth, and in return, they look after the Earth by making some offerings at each agricultural festival. (ii) In addition to the Earth, they show respect to the spirits of the river, the forests and the mountains as well. (iRead more
(i) The people of Bastar believe that each village was given its land by the Earth, and in return, they look after the Earth by making some offerings at each agricultural festival.
(ii) In addition to the Earth, they show respect to the spirits of the river, the forests and the mountains as well.
(iii) Since each village knows where its boundaries lie, the local people look after all the natural resources within that boundary.
(iv) If people from a village want to take some wood from the forest of another village, they pay a small fee called devsari or man in exchange.
(v) Some villagers also protect their forests by engaging watchmen and each household contributes some grain to pay them.
(vi) Every year, there is a big hunt where the headmen of villages in pargana meet and discuss issues of concern, including forests.
(i) In forest areas, people used forest products-roots, leaves, fruits and tubers-for many things. (ii) Fruits and tubers were nutritious to eat, especially during monsoons before the harvest. (iii) Herbs were used for medicine, wood for agricultural implements like yokes and ploughs, bamboo makes eRead more
(i) In forest areas, people used forest products-roots, leaves, fruits and tubers-for many things.
(ii) Fruits and tubers were nutritious to eat, especially during monsoons before the harvest.
(iii) Herbs were used for medicine, wood for agricultural implements like yokes and ploughs, bamboo makes excellent fences and is also used to make baskets and umbrellas.
(iv) A dried scooped-out gourd was used as a portable water bottle.
(v) Almost everything was available in the forest-leaves could be stitched together to make disposable plates and cups, creepers could be used to make ropes, and the thorny bark of the tree was used to grate vegetables.
(i) Conservation of forests rather than collecting timber became a more important goal. (ii) The government realised that in order to meet this goal, the people who live near the forests must be involved. (iii) In many cases, such as from Mizoram to Kerala, dense forests have survived only because vRead more
(i) Conservation of forests rather than collecting timber became a more important goal.
(ii) The government realised that in order to meet this goal, the people who live near the forests must be involved.
(iii) In many cases, such as from Mizoram to Kerala, dense forests have survived only because villages protected them in ‘sacred groves,
(iv) Some villages have been patrolling their own forests, with each household taking it in turns, instead of leaving it to the forest guards.
(v) Local forest communities and environmentalists are thinking of different forms of forest management. Many movements like the chipko Movement were started to save trees from the ruthless cutting down-for commercial purposes.
(i) People began to discuss their issues in their village councils or bazars, wherever the headmen of several villages assembled. (ii) Although there was no single leader but Gunda Dhur from village Nethanar became an important figure. (iii) In 1910, mango boughs, a lump of Earth, chillies and arrowRead more
(i) People began to discuss their issues in their village councils or bazars, wherever the headmen of several villages assembled.
(ii) Although there was no single leader but Gunda Dhur from village Nethanar became an important figure.
(iii) In 1910, mango boughs, a lump of Earth, chillies and arrows began circulating between villages. They were actually messages inviting villagers to rebel against the British,
(iv) Every village contributed something to the rebellion expenses.
(v) Bazars were looted, the houses of officials and traders, schools and police stations were burnt and robbed, and grain redistributed.
(vi) Most of those who were attacked were associated with the British and their oppressive laws.
(i) Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh. (ii) Different communities live in Bastar such as Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras, etc. (iii) They speak different languages but share common customs and beliefs. (iv) They believe that each village was given its land by the EarRead more
(i) Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh.
(ii) Different communities live in Bastar such as Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras, etc.
(iii) They speak different languages but share common customs and beliefs.
(iv) They believe that each village was given its land by the Earth and in return, they look after the Earth by making offerings during the festivals.
(v) In addition to the Earth, they pay respect to the spirits of river, the forest and the mountain.
(vi) Since each village knows its boundaries, they look after their natural resources within that boundary.
(vii) if they want to take some wood from another village, they pay a small fee called ‘devsari’ in exchange.
(viii) Some villages protect their forests by keeping warchmen and each house contributes grains to pay them. They meet once in a year to discuss issues of concern, including forests.
In shifting cultivation, parts of forests are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains. The following prompted Europeans to ban it. (i) They regarded this practice as harmful for forests. (ii) They felt that the land which was used for cultivation every feRead more
In shifting cultivation, parts of forests are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains. The following prompted Europeans to ban it.
(i) They regarded this practice as harmful for forests.
(ii) They felt that the land which was used for cultivation every few years could not grow trees for railway timber.
(iii) When a forest was burnt, there was the added danger of the flames spreading and burning valuable timber.
(iv) Shifting cultivation also made it harder for the government to calculate taxes. Therefore, the government decided to ban shifting cultivation.
There are many tribes living in India. Visit any one of them and give a brief on the life led by the tribals.
(i) Most of the tribal in India live in far off villages. (ii) They look after earth, show respect to the spirit of rivers, forests and mountain. (iii) If they want to buy some wood or take wood fi-om other villagers, they pay taxes like dausari. (iv) Some tribals also keep men for protecting theirRead more
(i) Most of the tribal in India live in far off villages.
See less(ii) They look after earth, show respect to the spirit of rivers, forests and
mountain.
(iii) If they want to buy some wood or take wood fi-om other villagers, they
pay taxes like dausari.
(iv) Some tribals also keep men for protecting their forests.
(v) They also do hunting for fuel, animals’ meat etc.
How was Java, an Indonesian Island, taken over by Dutch and how were its forests affected?
(i) Java is now famous as a rice-producing island in Indonesia. (ii) But once upon a time it was covered mostly with forests. (iii) The colonial powers in Indonesia was the Dutch and there were many similarities in the laws for forest control in Indonesia and India. (iv) Java in Indonesia is where tRead more
(i) Java is now famous as a rice-producing island in Indonesia.
See less(ii) But once upon a time it was covered mostly with forests.
(iii) The colonial powers in Indonesia was the Dutch and there were many similarities in the laws for forest control in Indonesia and India.
(iv) Java in Indonesia is where the Dutch started forest management. Like the British, they wanted tribes from Java to build ships.
(v) In 1600, the population of Java was an estimated 3.4 million. There were many villages in the fertile plains, but there were also many communities living in the mountains and practising shifting cultivation.
What kind of life is led by the tribals of Bastar?
(i) The people of Bastar believe that each village was given its land by the Earth, and in return, they look after the Earth by making some offerings at each agricultural festival. (ii) In addition to the Earth, they show respect to the spirits of the river, the forests and the mountains as well. (iRead more
(i) The people of Bastar believe that each village was given its land by the Earth, and in return, they look after the Earth by making some offerings at each agricultural festival.
See less(ii) In addition to the Earth, they show respect to the spirits of the river, the forests and the mountains as well.
(iii) Since each village knows where its boundaries lie, the local people look after all the natural resources within that boundary.
(iv) If people from a village want to take some wood from the forest of another village, they pay a small fee called devsari or man in exchange.
(v) Some villagers also protect their forests by engaging watchmen and each household contributes some grain to pay them.
(vi) Every year, there is a big hunt where the headmen of villages in pargana meet and discuss issues of concern, including forests.
How were forest products used by the villagers in their day-to-day lives?
(i) In forest areas, people used forest products-roots, leaves, fruits and tubers-for many things. (ii) Fruits and tubers were nutritious to eat, especially during monsoons before the harvest. (iii) Herbs were used for medicine, wood for agricultural implements like yokes and ploughs, bamboo makes eRead more
(i) In forest areas, people used forest products-roots, leaves, fruits and tubers-for many things.
See less(ii) Fruits and tubers were nutritious to eat, especially during monsoons before the harvest.
(iii) Herbs were used for medicine, wood for agricultural implements like yokes and ploughs, bamboo makes excellent fences and is also used to make baskets and umbrellas.
(iv) A dried scooped-out gourd was used as a portable water bottle.
(v) Almost everything was available in the forest-leaves could be stitched together to make disposable plates and cups, creepers could be used to make ropes, and the thorny bark of the tree was used to grate vegetables.
How was forest conservation carried out by the Asian and African countries later on?
(i) Conservation of forests rather than collecting timber became a more important goal. (ii) The government realised that in order to meet this goal, the people who live near the forests must be involved. (iii) In many cases, such as from Mizoram to Kerala, dense forests have survived only because vRead more
(i) Conservation of forests rather than collecting timber became a more important goal.
See less(ii) The government realised that in order to meet this goal, the people who live near the forests must be involved.
(iii) In many cases, such as from Mizoram to Kerala, dense forests have survived only because villages protected them in ‘sacred groves,
(iv) Some villages have been patrolling their own forests, with each household taking it in turns, instead of leaving it to the forest guards.
(v) Local forest communities and environmentalists are thinking of different forms of forest management. Many movements like the chipko Movement were started to save trees from the ruthless cutting down-for commercial purposes.
Describe the events that led to the revolt in Bastar against the British.
(i) People began to discuss their issues in their village councils or bazars, wherever the headmen of several villages assembled. (ii) Although there was no single leader but Gunda Dhur from village Nethanar became an important figure. (iii) In 1910, mango boughs, a lump of Earth, chillies and arrowRead more
(i) People began to discuss their issues in their village councils or bazars, wherever the headmen of several villages assembled.
See less(ii) Although there was no single leader but Gunda Dhur from village Nethanar became an important figure.
(iii) In 1910, mango boughs, a lump of Earth, chillies and arrows began circulating between villages. They were actually messages inviting villagers to rebel against the British,
(iv) Every village contributed something to the rebellion expenses.
(v) Bazars were looted, the houses of officials and traders, schools and police stations were burnt and robbed, and grain redistributed.
(vi) Most of those who were attacked were associated with the British and their oppressive laws.
Give a brief account of the people of Bastar.
(i) Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh. (ii) Different communities live in Bastar such as Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras, etc. (iii) They speak different languages but share common customs and beliefs. (iv) They believe that each village was given its land by the EarRead more
(i) Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh.
See less(ii) Different communities live in Bastar such as Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras, etc.
(iii) They speak different languages but share common customs and beliefs.
(iv) They believe that each village was given its land by the Earth and in return, they look after the Earth by making offerings during the festivals.
(v) In addition to the Earth, they pay respect to the spirits of river, the forest and the mountain.
(vi) Since each village knows its boundaries, they look after their natural resources within that boundary.
(vii) if they want to take some wood from another village, they pay a small fee called ‘devsari’ in exchange.
(viii) Some villages protect their forests by keeping warchmen and each house contributes grains to pay them. They meet once in a year to discuss issues of concern, including forests.
What is shifting cultivation? Why did the Europeans decide to ban it?
In shifting cultivation, parts of forests are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains. The following prompted Europeans to ban it. (i) They regarded this practice as harmful for forests. (ii) They felt that the land which was used for cultivation every feRead more
In shifting cultivation, parts of forests are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains. The following prompted Europeans to ban it.
See less(i) They regarded this practice as harmful for forests.
(ii) They felt that the land which was used for cultivation every few years could not grow trees for railway timber.
(iii) When a forest was burnt, there was the added danger of the flames spreading and burning valuable timber.
(iv) Shifting cultivation also made it harder for the government to calculate taxes. Therefore, the government decided to ban shifting cultivation.
How are the following breeds developed? (a) Karan Swiss (b) Frieswal
By the crosses between following breeds of cow: (a) Brown Swiss and Sahiwal; (b) Holstein-Friesian and Sahiwal.
By the crosses between following breeds of cow:
See less(a) Brown Swiss and Sahiwal;
(b) Holstein-Friesian and Sahiwal.
What is feed?
Domestic animal's food that contains essential components needed for the growth, development, and general maintenance of body is called feed.
Domestic animal’s food that contains essential components needed for the growth, development, and general maintenance of body is called feed.
See less