(a) The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea. (b) (i) The technology was a system of hand printing. (ii) Under this system, the books in China were printed by rubbing paper against the inked surface of woodblocks. (iii) As both sides of the thin, porous sheet couRead more
(a) The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea.
(b) (i) The technology was a system of hand printing.
(ii) Under this system, the books in China were printed by rubbing paper against the
inked surface of woodblocks.
(iii) As both sides of the thin, porous sheet could not be printed, the traditional Chinese
‘accordion book ‘was folded and stitched at the side.
The colonisation of Americas took place in the mid-sixteenth century. It was, however, not due to superior military strength of the Spanish conquerors. It was primarily due to the global transfer of disease that helped in the colonisation of the Americas. The spaniards carried on their person, the gRead more
The colonisation of Americas took place in the mid-sixteenth century. It was, however, not due to superior military strength of the Spanish conquerors. It was primarily due to the global transfer of disease that helped in the colonisation of the Americas. The spaniards carried on their person, the germs such as those of small-pox into the Americas. The local inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases due to their long isolation. It resulted in spread of these diseases in the continent. Small-pox in particular killed and decimated many communities and paved the way for conquest and colonisation of the Americas.
(a) Asia: The silk routes are an example of global exchanges which took place between distant parts of the world' The West-bound Chinese silk cargoes were sent through these routes. Many silk routes have been identified which linked vast areas of Asia with Europe northern Africa. These routes have eRead more
(a) Asia: The silk routes are an example of global exchanges which took place between distant parts of the world’ The West-bound Chinese silk cargoes were sent through these routes. Many silk routes have been identified which linked vast areas of Asia with Europe northern Africa. These routes have existed much before the Christian Era and were used till the fifteenth century. These routes were used for Chinese pottery and textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia. In return, precious metals – gold and silver – flowed from Europe to Asia”. Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand. That is why the Christian missionaries, Muslim preachers too travelled along these routes” In ancient times, Buddhism spread in different directions through intersecting points on the silk routes.
(b) Americas: After the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus, many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, Chilies came from America’s original inhabitants i.e., the American Indians. From the sixteenth century, America’ s vast lands, abundant crops and minerals transformed. trade and lives everywhere. Precious metals like Silver from mines in Peru and Mexico enhanced Europe’s wealth and financed its trade with Asia’ Thus, there were global exchanges even before the seventeenth century.
The conditions in the organised and unorganised sectors are as follows: Organised sector: (i) Fixed working hons or time i.e., 9.30 a.m. 5.30 p.m. (ii) Regular salary at the end of the month. (iii) Various las such as Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act are applicable. (iv) Facilities such as providentRead more
The conditions in the organised and unorganised sectors are as follows:
Organised sector:
(i) Fixed working hons or time i.e., 9.30 a.m. 5.30 p.m.
(ii) Regular salary at the end of the month.
(iii) Various las such as Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act are applicable.
(iv) Facilities such as provident fund, medical allowance etc. are granted.
(v) Paid holidays such as Sundays and other holidays.
(vi) Appointment letter with conditions terms of service is issued.
(vii) Control of the government directly or indirectly.
(viii) In organised sector, a factory manager has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment.
Unorganised sectors:
(i) No fixed working hours or time.
(ii) No regular salary.
(iii) No such laws are applicable or followed.
(iv) No facilities such as provident fund etc. are admissible.
(v) No paid holidays/other holidays are granted.
(vi) No appointment latter is issued. The employer can remove an employee any time.
(vii) Generally, there is no control of the government. Rules are there but these are generally not followed by the employers.
(viii) No arrangement such as of drinking water are made. Even if there is any such arrangement, that is rarely followed in practice.
(ix) No pension is granted in unorganised sector
It is a fact that earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person because that one person may exploit the natural resources recklessly. The reckless exploitation of resources may lead to their exhaustion and may damage the environment In sucRead more
It is a fact that earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person because that one person may exploit the natural resources recklessly. The reckless exploitation of resources may lead to their exhaustion and may damage the environment In such a situation what will happen if no natural resources are available? It will hamper the development process in all the countries in the world because fossil fuels and minerals are essential for development. The reckless use of minerals may disturb the balance in nature. This, it necessary to use resources judiciously for development and to adopt a strategy. Thus economic development that is environment friendly.
Sexual difference is biological but gender difference s sociological. Woman on the basis of gender have always been discriminated in almost all the societies of the world including India. Different aspects of life in which woman are discriminated or disadvantaged in India are as given below: (i) EduRead more
Sexual difference is biological but gender difference s sociological. Woman on the basis of gender have always been discriminated in almost all the societies of the world including India. Different aspects of life in which woman are discriminated or disadvantaged in India are as given below:
(i) Education: (a) Women are deprived of an equal access to education. Thus, the literacy rate among women in only 54 per cent as compared to 76 per cent among men. (b) A smaller proportion of girl student go for higher education because parents prefer to spend money on their rather than spending equally on both sons and daughters.
(ii) Discrimination in remuneration or salary: The number of women on highly paid job is less than men Women are discrimination in job opportunities as well as in appointment among highly paid and valued jobs. Under Equal Wages should be paid for equal work. In practice almost ln every sphere, women are paid less than man even when both do exactly the same work.
(iii) Preference for sons: Even now in many parts of Indian, parents prefer to have sons. There are cases where girl child is aborted before she is born. Due to sex-ratio has declined from 927 in 2001 to 850 or 800 in some places.
(iv) Cases harassment, exploitation and violence: Women are exploited by their employers. They are sexually assaulted at homes. They are not safe during their journey at night. They are subjected to various forms of domestic violence.
The Constitution of India dos not grant equal power to all States. Some States enjoy special status as given below: (i) Jammu and Kashmir: Under Article 370, the concurrence of the state is required for making laws in matters mentioned in the Union and Concurrent Lists. Jammu and Kashmir has its ownRead more
The Constitution of India dos not grant equal power to all States. Some States enjoy special status as given below:
(i) Jammu and Kashmir: Under Article 370, the concurrence of the state is required for making laws in matters mentioned in the Union and Concurrent Lists. Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution. Again Indiana who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house there. Amendments to the Indian Constitution under Article 368 cannot apply without the constitution of the J and K government.
(ii) North-Eastern and smaller states have been given more representation in the Rajya sabha.
(iii) North-Eastern states such as Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram have a sizeable indigenous tribal population with a distinct history and culture which can be retained under Article 371.
(iv) There are areas which are too small to become an independent State but which could not be merged with any of the exiting States. Such areas are like Chandigarh or Lakshadweep or the Capital city of Delhi. These are known as Union Territories and are run by the Central Government.
Institutional reform programmer introduced by the government in the interest of the farmers consist of various measures taken by the Central and State Government from time to time. These are mentioned below: (i) Collectivisation (ii) Consolidation of small holdings to make them economically viable,Read more
Institutional reform programmer introduced by the government in the interest of the farmers consist of various measures taken by the Central and State Government from time to time. These are mentioned below:
(i) Collectivisation
(ii) Consolidation of small holdings to make them economically viable,
(iii) Cooperation and abolition of Zamindari system
(iv) Land Reform was the main focus of First Five Year Plan’
(v) In the 1980 and 1900s. provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone fire and disease wan introduced.
(vi) Grameen bank, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rate of interest were established.
(vii) Kissan Credit Card (KCC) Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) Were introduced for the
benefit for the farmers.
(viii) Special weather bulletin for farmers were Introduced on radio and television. Agricultural programmes were also introduced.
(ix) The government announces minimum support price, remunerative and procurement price for important crops to check the exploitation of farmer by speculator and middlemen It ensures minimum price for the cup grown by the farmers.
(a) The novels developed in India in the nineteenth century as Indians became familiar with the Western novel. (b) Causes for the development of novel in India were as follows: (i) Development of the vernaculars, print : and a reading public helped in the development of novel. One of the earliest, IRead more
(a) The novels developed in India in the nineteenth century as Indians became familiar with the Western novel.
(b) Causes for the development of novel in India were as follows:
(i) Development of the vernaculars, print : and a reading public helped in the development of novel. One of the earliest, Indian novels in Marathi was Baba Padmanji’s Yamuan Paryatan (1857) which used a simple style of storytelling to speak about the plight of window.
(ii) Novelists also wrote for a cause because the colonial rulers treated the Indian culture as inferior. So Indian novelists wrote to produce a sense of national belonging and cultural equality. This helped in the development of novel in India.
(iii) Translations of novels into different regional languages too helped in its development.
It is generally agreed that the print culture was responsible for the outbreak of French Revolution. The following arguments are given in support of this view: (i) Popularisation of ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers: It is stated that print culture popularised the writings of Rousseau, Voltaire anRead more
It is generally agreed that the print culture was responsible for the outbreak of French Revolution. The following arguments are given in support of this view:
(i) Popularisation of ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers: It is stated that print culture popularised the writings of Rousseau, Voltaire and others. These thinkers were against the sacred authority of the church and the despotic power of state. Rousseau’s ideal of ‘liberty, equality and fraternity’ become the motto of the revolutionaries. These ideas enlightened the masses.
(ii) New culture and dialogue and debate: With the coming of print culture, people become aware of the power of reason. They started questioning the existing ideas and belifs and authority of the church.
(iii) Criticism of royalty of their morality; New literature criticised royalty for their lavish life style at a time when people were suffering from hunger. Cartoons and caricatures showed that the monarchy was absorbed in sensual pleasures. The ordinary people i.e., peasants, artisans and workers, had a hard time while the nobility enjoyed life and oppressed the poor. Such writings led to the growth of hostile sentiments against the monarchy. It played a significant role by influencing the people to think in different ways and questioning the authority of the monarchs as well as the church.
Where was the earliest kind of print technology developed? Explain that technology.
(a) The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea. (b) (i) The technology was a system of hand printing. (ii) Under this system, the books in China were printed by rubbing paper against the inked surface of woodblocks. (iii) As both sides of the thin, porous sheet couRead more
(a) The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea.
See less(b) (i) The technology was a system of hand printing.
(ii) Under this system, the books in China were printed by rubbing paper against the
inked surface of woodblocks.
(iii) As both sides of the thin, porous sheet could not be printed, the traditional Chinese
‘accordion book ‘was folded and stitched at the side.
Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of the Americas.
The colonisation of Americas took place in the mid-sixteenth century. It was, however, not due to superior military strength of the Spanish conquerors. It was primarily due to the global transfer of disease that helped in the colonisation of the Americas. The spaniards carried on their person, the gRead more
The colonisation of Americas took place in the mid-sixteenth century. It was, however, not due to superior military strength of the Spanish conquerors. It was primarily due to the global transfer of disease that helped in the colonisation of the Americas. The spaniards carried on their person, the germs such as those of small-pox into the Americas. The local inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases due to their long isolation. It resulted in spread of these diseases in the continent. Small-pox in particular killed and decimated many communities and paved the way for conquest and colonisation of the Americas.
for more answers vist to:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-10/social-science/history/chapter-1/
Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.
(a) Asia: The silk routes are an example of global exchanges which took place between distant parts of the world' The West-bound Chinese silk cargoes were sent through these routes. Many silk routes have been identified which linked vast areas of Asia with Europe northern Africa. These routes have eRead more
(a) Asia: The silk routes are an example of global exchanges which took place between distant parts of the world’ The West-bound Chinese silk cargoes were sent through these routes. Many silk routes have been identified which linked vast areas of Asia with Europe northern Africa. These routes have existed much before the Christian Era and were used till the fifteenth century. These routes were used for Chinese pottery and textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia. In return, precious metals – gold and silver – flowed from Europe to Asia”. Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand. That is why the Christian missionaries, Muslim preachers too travelled along these routes” In ancient times, Buddhism spread in different directions through intersecting points on the silk routes.
(b) Americas: After the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus, many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, Chilies came from America’s original inhabitants i.e., the American Indians. From the sixteenth century, America’ s vast lands, abundant crops and minerals transformed. trade and lives everywhere. Precious metals like Silver from mines in Peru and Mexico enhanced Europe’s wealth and financed its trade with Asia’ Thus, there were global exchanges even before the seventeenth century.
for more answers vist to:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-10/social-science/history/chapter-1/
compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.
The conditions in the organised and unorganised sectors are as follows: Organised sector: (i) Fixed working hons or time i.e., 9.30 a.m. 5.30 p.m. (ii) Regular salary at the end of the month. (iii) Various las such as Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act are applicable. (iv) Facilities such as providentRead more
The conditions in the organised and unorganised sectors are as follows:
See lessOrganised sector:
(i) Fixed working hons or time i.e., 9.30 a.m. 5.30 p.m.
(ii) Regular salary at the end of the month.
(iii) Various las such as Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act are applicable.
(iv) Facilities such as provident fund, medical allowance etc. are granted.
(v) Paid holidays such as Sundays and other holidays.
(vi) Appointment letter with conditions terms of service is issued.
(vii) Control of the government directly or indirectly.
(viii) In organised sector, a factory manager has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment.
Unorganised sectors:
(i) No fixed working hours or time.
(ii) No regular salary.
(iii) No such laws are applicable or followed.
(iv) No facilities such as provident fund etc. are admissible.
(v) No paid holidays/other holidays are granted.
(vi) No appointment latter is issued. The employer can remove an employee any time.
(vii) Generally, there is no control of the government. Rules are there but these are generally not followed by the employers.
(viii) No arrangement such as of drinking water are made. Even if there is any such arrangement, that is rarely followed in practice.
(ix) No pension is granted in unorganised sector
“The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person.” How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.
It is a fact that earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person because that one person may exploit the natural resources recklessly. The reckless exploitation of resources may lead to their exhaustion and may damage the environment In sucRead more
It is a fact that earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person because that one person may exploit the natural resources recklessly. The reckless exploitation of resources may lead to their exhaustion and may damage the environment In such a situation what will happen if no natural resources are available? It will hamper the development process in all the countries in the world because fossil fuels and minerals are essential for development. The reckless use of minerals may disturb the balance in nature. This, it necessary to use resources judiciously for development and to adopt a strategy. Thus economic development that is environment friendly.
See lessMention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.
Sexual difference is biological but gender difference s sociological. Woman on the basis of gender have always been discriminated in almost all the societies of the world including India. Different aspects of life in which woman are discriminated or disadvantaged in India are as given below: (i) EduRead more
Sexual difference is biological but gender difference s sociological. Woman on the basis of gender have always been discriminated in almost all the societies of the world including India. Different aspects of life in which woman are discriminated or disadvantaged in India are as given below:
See less(i) Education: (a) Women are deprived of an equal access to education. Thus, the literacy rate among women in only 54 per cent as compared to 76 per cent among men. (b) A smaller proportion of girl student go for higher education because parents prefer to spend money on their rather than spending equally on both sons and daughters.
(ii) Discrimination in remuneration or salary: The number of women on highly paid job is less than men Women are discrimination in job opportunities as well as in appointment among highly paid and valued jobs. Under Equal Wages should be paid for equal work. In practice almost ln every sphere, women are paid less than man even when both do exactly the same work.
(iii) Preference for sons: Even now in many parts of Indian, parents prefer to have sons. There are cases where girl child is aborted before she is born. Due to sex-ratio has declined from 927 in 2001 to 850 or 800 in some places.
(iv) Cases harassment, exploitation and violence: Women are exploited by their employers. They are sexually assaulted at homes. They are not safe during their journey at night. They are subjected to various forms of domestic violence.
Describe special powers or provisions for some States in India.
The Constitution of India dos not grant equal power to all States. Some States enjoy special status as given below: (i) Jammu and Kashmir: Under Article 370, the concurrence of the state is required for making laws in matters mentioned in the Union and Concurrent Lists. Jammu and Kashmir has its ownRead more
The Constitution of India dos not grant equal power to all States. Some States enjoy special status as given below:
See less(i) Jammu and Kashmir: Under Article 370, the concurrence of the state is required for making laws in matters mentioned in the Union and Concurrent Lists. Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution. Again Indiana who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house there. Amendments to the Indian Constitution under Article 368 cannot apply without the constitution of the J and K government.
(ii) North-Eastern and smaller states have been given more representation in the Rajya sabha.
(iii) North-Eastern states such as Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram have a sizeable indigenous tribal population with a distinct history and culture which can be retained under Article 371.
(iv) There are areas which are too small to become an independent State but which could not be merged with any of the exiting States. Such areas are like Chandigarh or Lakshadweep or the Capital city of Delhi. These are known as Union Territories and are run by the Central Government.
Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest pf the farmers.
Institutional reform programmer introduced by the government in the interest of the farmers consist of various measures taken by the Central and State Government from time to time. These are mentioned below: (i) Collectivisation (ii) Consolidation of small holdings to make them economically viable,Read more
Institutional reform programmer introduced by the government in the interest of the farmers consist of various measures taken by the Central and State Government from time to time. These are mentioned below:
See less(i) Collectivisation
(ii) Consolidation of small holdings to make them economically viable,
(iii) Cooperation and abolition of Zamindari system
(iv) Land Reform was the main focus of First Five Year Plan’
(v) In the 1980 and 1900s. provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone fire and disease wan introduced.
(vi) Grameen bank, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rate of interest were established.
(vii) Kissan Credit Card (KCC) Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) Were introduced for the
benefit for the farmers.
(viii) Special weather bulletin for farmers were Introduced on radio and television. Agricultural programmes were also introduced.
(ix) The government announces minimum support price, remunerative and procurement price for important crops to check the exploitation of farmer by speculator and middlemen It ensures minimum price for the cup grown by the farmers.
When did novels develop in India and why?
(a) The novels developed in India in the nineteenth century as Indians became familiar with the Western novel. (b) Causes for the development of novel in India were as follows: (i) Development of the vernaculars, print : and a reading public helped in the development of novel. One of the earliest, IRead more
(a) The novels developed in India in the nineteenth century as Indians became familiar with the Western novel.
See less(b) Causes for the development of novel in India were as follows:
(i) Development of the vernaculars, print : and a reading public helped in the development of novel. One of the earliest, Indian novels in Marathi was Baba Padmanji’s Yamuan Paryatan (1857) which used a simple style of storytelling to speak about the plight of window.
(ii) Novelists also wrote for a cause because the colonial rulers treated the Indian culture as inferior. So Indian novelists wrote to produce a sense of national belonging and cultural equality. This helped in the development of novel in India.
(iii) Translations of novels into different regional languages too helped in its development.
Do you agree with the view that the print culture created the conditions within which French Revolution occurred? Give arguments in support of your answer.
It is generally agreed that the print culture was responsible for the outbreak of French Revolution. The following arguments are given in support of this view: (i) Popularisation of ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers: It is stated that print culture popularised the writings of Rousseau, Voltaire anRead more
It is generally agreed that the print culture was responsible for the outbreak of French Revolution. The following arguments are given in support of this view:
See less(i) Popularisation of ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers: It is stated that print culture popularised the writings of Rousseau, Voltaire and others. These thinkers were against the sacred authority of the church and the despotic power of state. Rousseau’s ideal of ‘liberty, equality and fraternity’ become the motto of the revolutionaries. These ideas enlightened the masses.
(ii) New culture and dialogue and debate: With the coming of print culture, people become aware of the power of reason. They started questioning the existing ideas and belifs and authority of the church.
(iii) Criticism of royalty of their morality; New literature criticised royalty for their lavish life style at a time when people were suffering from hunger. Cartoons and caricatures showed that the monarchy was absorbed in sensual pleasures. The ordinary people i.e., peasants, artisans and workers, had a hard time while the nobility enjoyed life and oppressed the poor. Such writings led to the growth of hostile sentiments against the monarchy. It played a significant role by influencing the people to think in different ways and questioning the authority of the monarchs as well as the church.