Some people feared the effect of easily available printed books because rebellious and irreligious thoughts might affect the minds of the people. If that happened, the authority of 'valuable 'literature would be destroyed. For example, in Europe. the writings of Martin Luther - Ninety-Five Theses leRead more
Some people feared the effect of easily available printed books because rebellious and irreligious thoughts might affect the minds of the people. If that happened, the authority of ‘valuable ‘literature would be destroyed. For example, in Europe. the writings of Martin Luther – Ninety-Five Theses led to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
Similarly, in India easy availability of books led to discontentment among the Indians and encouraged them to take part in the freedom movement. The government was afraid of such writings and kept continuous track of all books and newspapers published in India and passed numerous laws.
The impact of print revolution in Europe was as given below: (i) A new reading public: A new reading public emerged because printing reduced the cost of books. Books could be produced at a faster rate and were available in the market in large numbers. (il) New culture of reading: Earlier books wereRead more
The impact of print revolution in Europe was as given below:
(i) A new reading public: A new reading public emerged because printing reduced the cost of books. Books could be produced at a faster rate and were available in the market in large numbers.
(il) New culture of reading: Earlier books were read by the elites. Common people were illiterate and knowledge was transferred orally. Print revolution transformed hearing public to reading public. Printers published popular ballads and folk tales and illustrated such books with pictures. These were then sung and recited at gatherings in villages and in taverns in towns. Oral culture thus entered print and printed material was orally transmitted.
(iii) Religious debates and the fear of print: Print revolution led to printing of debates and discussion on religious matters. All types of views, in favour or against, were published. This had great impact on the minds of the people. For example, Martin Luther’s Ninety -five- theses criticising the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church led to a division within the
Church.
(iv) Print revolution and dissent: Print resolution led to distinctive interpretations of faith even among little educated working people. For example, Menocchio, a miller in Italy, reinterpreted the Bible in his own way that enraged the Roman Catholica Church.
Main features of the first printed Bible: (i) The text was printed in the new Gutenberg press with metal type. (ii) The borders were carefully designed, painted and illuminated by hand by artists. (iii) No two copies were the same. Every page of each copy was different. (iv) Even when two copies looRead more
Main features of the first printed Bible:
(i) The text was printed in the new Gutenberg press with metal type.
(ii) The borders were carefully designed, painted and illuminated by hand by artists.
(iii) No two copies were the same. Every page of each copy was different.
(iv) Even when two copies look similar, a careful comparison will reveal differences.
(v) There was lack of uniformity and every copy could be claimed as unique. for no one else owned a copy that was exactly the same.
(a) manuscripts were documents or books written by hand. (b) short coming or causes for invention of print technology: (i) They could not satisfy the ever increasing demand for books. (ii) They were expensive as copying was an expensive, laborious and time consuming business. (iii) Manuscripts wereRead more
(a) manuscripts were documents or books written by hand.
(b) short coming or causes for invention of print technology:
(i) They could not satisfy the ever increasing demand for books.
(ii) They were expensive as copying was an expensive, laborious and time consuming business.
(iii) Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and could not ire carried around or read easily.
(iv) Their circulation, therefore, remained limited.
(c) Resemblances:
(i) The metal letters imitated the ornamental handwritten style.
(ii) Borders were illuminated by hand with foliage and other patterns.
(iii) Illustrations were painted.
the expanded demand for books in Europe was met in the following ways: (i) Booksellers all over Europe began exporting books to many different countries. (ii) Book fairs were held at different places. (iii) Production of handwritten manuscripts also continued to meet the expanded demand. Skilled hanRead more
the expanded demand for books in Europe was met in the following ways:
(i) Booksellers all over Europe began exporting books to many different countries.
(ii) Book fairs were held at different places.
(iii) Production of handwritten manuscripts also continued to meet the expanded demand. Skilled handwrites were employed by booksellers. sometimes more than 50 scribes were employed bookseller.
(iv) Woodblock printing was widely used to meet the demand.
But in spite of the above efforts, there was still a great need for even quicker and cheaper reproduction of texts which was fulfilled by the development of the printing press by Johann Gutenberg in the 1430s.
The different stages regarding coming of print technology to Europe were as given below: (l) In the eleventh century, Chinese paper reached Europe via silk route. This helped in the production of manuscripts that were written by scribes. (ii) In 1295 Marco Polo brought knowledge of woodblock printinRead more
The different stages regarding coming of print technology to Europe were as given below:
(l) In the eleventh century, Chinese paper reached Europe via silk route. This helped in
the production of manuscripts that were written by scribes.
(ii) In 1295 Marco Polo brought knowledge of woodblock printing from China. Books were Now produced with woodblocks. From here this technology spread to other parts of Europe.
(iii) However luxury editions were still hand written on vellum meant for aristocratic people and rich monastic libraries.
(iv) As tire demand for books increased, the hand-written manuscripts could not satisfy it. Thus, woodblock printing became popular. By the early fifteenth century. woodblocks were widely used in Europe to print textiles, playing cards, and religious pictures with simple, brief texts.
Woodblock print came to Europe after as mentioned below: (i) The technology of woodblock printing developed in china. (ii) Chinese paper had reached Europe through silk routes in the 11th century. (iii) ln 1295, Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after. Many years of exploration in ChinRead more
Woodblock print came to Europe after as mentioned below:
(i) The technology of woodblock printing developed in china.
(ii) Chinese paper had reached Europe through silk routes in the 11th century.
(iii) ln 1295, Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after. Many years of exploration in China He brought the woodblock printing from China. The Italian began producing books with wood blocks and after that print technology spread to other parts of Europe.
(iv) Religious preachers like Buddhists were also helpful in spreading this-knowledge from China to Europe.
(i) Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology in Japan Around AD 768-770. (ii) The oldest Japanese book printed in AD 868 was the Buddhist Diamond. Sutra. It contained six sheets of text and wood cut illustrations. (iii) Pictures were printed on textiles, playing cards andRead more
(i) Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology in Japan
Around AD 768-770.
(ii) The oldest Japanese book printed in AD 868 was the Buddhist Diamond. Sutra. It contained six sheets of text and wood cut illustrations.
(iii) Pictures were printed on textiles, playing cards and paper money.
(iv) In medieval Japan, the poets and prose writers regularly published their work.
(v) Printing of visual material led to interesting publishing practices. For example, in the late eighteenth century, at Edo (modern Tokyo) illustrated collections of paintings depicted an elegant urban culture, involving artists, courtesans, and tea house gatherings.
(vi) Libraries and book-stores were full with hand-printed material of various types such as books on women, cooking, famous places, musical instruments, calculations, tea ceremony and flower arrangements.
(a) In the seventeenth century, many cities had come up in China. As tire urban culture spread, the uses of print also increased. It was used in different fields as mentioned below: (i) It was used by scholar officials. (ii) Merchants used it to collect trade information. (iii) Reading printed materRead more
(a) In the seventeenth century, many cities had come up in China. As tire urban culture
spread, the uses of print also increased. It was used in different fields as mentioned below:
(i) It was used by scholar officials.
(ii) Merchants used it to collect trade information.
(iii) Reading printed material became a leisure activity. So, people started reading fictional
narratives, poetry, autobiographies, anthologies of literary master pieces, and romantic plays.
(iv) Women began publishing their poetry and plays.
(v) Wives of scholar-officials published their works and courtesans wrote about their lives.
(b) The new reading culture had the following effects:
(i) It brought western printing techniques and mechanical presses into China.
(ii) Shanghai became the hub of the new print culture’ Thus, there was natural change from hand printing to mechanical printing.
(a) The imperial state was the major producer of printed material for long time. (b) It was the major producer of printed material because it recruited its personnel through civil service examinations. Textbooks for this examination were printed in large numbers by the imperial state. With the increRead more
(a) The imperial state was the major producer of printed material for long time.
(b) It was the major producer of printed material because it recruited its personnel
through civil service examinations. Textbooks for this examination were printed in large numbers by the imperial state. With the increase in the number of candidates for the examination, the volume of print also increased.
Why did some people fear the effect of easily available printed books? Choose one example from Europe and one form India.
Some people feared the effect of easily available printed books because rebellious and irreligious thoughts might affect the minds of the people. If that happened, the authority of 'valuable 'literature would be destroyed. For example, in Europe. the writings of Martin Luther - Ninety-Five Theses leRead more
Some people feared the effect of easily available printed books because rebellious and irreligious thoughts might affect the minds of the people. If that happened, the authority of ‘valuable ‘literature would be destroyed. For example, in Europe. the writings of Martin Luther – Ninety-Five Theses led to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
See lessSimilarly, in India easy availability of books led to discontentment among the Indians and encouraged them to take part in the freedom movement. The government was afraid of such writings and kept continuous track of all books and newspapers published in India and passed numerous laws.
What was the impact of print revolution?
The impact of print revolution in Europe was as given below: (i) A new reading public: A new reading public emerged because printing reduced the cost of books. Books could be produced at a faster rate and were available in the market in large numbers. (il) New culture of reading: Earlier books wereRead more
The impact of print revolution in Europe was as given below:
See less(i) A new reading public: A new reading public emerged because printing reduced the cost of books. Books could be produced at a faster rate and were available in the market in large numbers.
(il) New culture of reading: Earlier books were read by the elites. Common people were illiterate and knowledge was transferred orally. Print revolution transformed hearing public to reading public. Printers published popular ballads and folk tales and illustrated such books with pictures. These were then sung and recited at gatherings in villages and in taverns in towns. Oral culture thus entered print and printed material was orally transmitted.
(iii) Religious debates and the fear of print: Print revolution led to printing of debates and discussion on religious matters. All types of views, in favour or against, were published. This had great impact on the minds of the people. For example, Martin Luther’s Ninety -five- theses criticising the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church led to a division within the
Church.
(iv) Print revolution and dissent: Print resolution led to distinctive interpretations of faith even among little educated working people. For example, Menocchio, a miller in Italy, reinterpreted the Bible in his own way that enraged the Roman Catholica Church.
Explain the main features. of the first printed Bible.
Main features of the first printed Bible: (i) The text was printed in the new Gutenberg press with metal type. (ii) The borders were carefully designed, painted and illuminated by hand by artists. (iii) No two copies were the same. Every page of each copy was different. (iv) Even when two copies looRead more
Main features of the first printed Bible:
See less(i) The text was printed in the new Gutenberg press with metal type.
(ii) The borders were carefully designed, painted and illuminated by hand by artists.
(iii) No two copies were the same. Every page of each copy was different.
(iv) Even when two copies look similar, a careful comparison will reveal differences.
(v) There was lack of uniformity and every copy could be claimed as unique. for no one else owned a copy that was exactly the same.
What is a manuscript? Give four shortcomings or manuscripts.
(a) manuscripts were documents or books written by hand. (b) short coming or causes for invention of print technology: (i) They could not satisfy the ever increasing demand for books. (ii) They were expensive as copying was an expensive, laborious and time consuming business. (iii) Manuscripts wereRead more
(a) manuscripts were documents or books written by hand.
See less(b) short coming or causes for invention of print technology:
(i) They could not satisfy the ever increasing demand for books.
(ii) They were expensive as copying was an expensive, laborious and time consuming business.
(iii) Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and could not ire carried around or read easily.
(iv) Their circulation, therefore, remained limited.
(c) Resemblances:
(i) The metal letters imitated the ornamental handwritten style.
(ii) Borders were illuminated by hand with foliage and other patterns.
(iii) Illustrations were painted.
How was the increase in demand for books met in Europe in the fourteenth century?
the expanded demand for books in Europe was met in the following ways: (i) Booksellers all over Europe began exporting books to many different countries. (ii) Book fairs were held at different places. (iii) Production of handwritten manuscripts also continued to meet the expanded demand. Skilled hanRead more
the expanded demand for books in Europe was met in the following ways:
See less(i) Booksellers all over Europe began exporting books to many different countries.
(ii) Book fairs were held at different places.
(iii) Production of handwritten manuscripts also continued to meet the expanded demand. Skilled handwrites were employed by booksellers. sometimes more than 50 scribes were employed bookseller.
(iv) Woodblock printing was widely used to meet the demand.
But in spite of the above efforts, there was still a great need for even quicker and cheaper reproduction of texts which was fulfilled by the development of the printing press by Johann Gutenberg in the 1430s.
Describe the different stages regarding coming of print technology to Europe before the development of printing press by Johann Gutenberg.
The different stages regarding coming of print technology to Europe were as given below: (l) In the eleventh century, Chinese paper reached Europe via silk route. This helped in the production of manuscripts that were written by scribes. (ii) In 1295 Marco Polo brought knowledge of woodblock printinRead more
The different stages regarding coming of print technology to Europe were as given below:
See less(l) In the eleventh century, Chinese paper reached Europe via silk route. This helped in
the production of manuscripts that were written by scribes.
(ii) In 1295 Marco Polo brought knowledge of woodblock printing from China. Books were Now produced with woodblocks. From here this technology spread to other parts of Europe.
(iii) However luxury editions were still hand written on vellum meant for aristocratic people and rich monastic libraries.
(iv) As tire demand for books increased, the hand-written manuscripts could not satisfy it. Thus, woodblock printing became popular. By the early fifteenth century. woodblocks were widely used in Europe to print textiles, playing cards, and religious pictures with simple, brief texts.
“Woodblock print came to Europe after 1295.” Give any three reasons to explain the above statement.
Woodblock print came to Europe after as mentioned below: (i) The technology of woodblock printing developed in china. (ii) Chinese paper had reached Europe through silk routes in the 11th century. (iii) ln 1295, Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after. Many years of exploration in ChinRead more
Woodblock print came to Europe after as mentioned below:
See less(i) The technology of woodblock printing developed in china.
(ii) Chinese paper had reached Europe through silk routes in the 11th century.
(iii) ln 1295, Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after. Many years of exploration in China He brought the woodblock printing from China. The Italian began producing books with wood blocks and after that print technology spread to other parts of Europe.
(iv) Religious preachers like Buddhists were also helpful in spreading this-knowledge from China to Europe.
Describe the development of print in Japan.
(i) Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology in Japan Around AD 768-770. (ii) The oldest Japanese book printed in AD 868 was the Buddhist Diamond. Sutra. It contained six sheets of text and wood cut illustrations. (iii) Pictures were printed on textiles, playing cards andRead more
(i) Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology in Japan
See lessAround AD 768-770.
(ii) The oldest Japanese book printed in AD 868 was the Buddhist Diamond. Sutra. It contained six sheets of text and wood cut illustrations.
(iii) Pictures were printed on textiles, playing cards and paper money.
(iv) In medieval Japan, the poets and prose writers regularly published their work.
(v) Printing of visual material led to interesting publishing practices. For example, in the late eighteenth century, at Edo (modern Tokyo) illustrated collections of paintings depicted an elegant urban culture, involving artists, courtesans, and tea house gatherings.
(vi) Libraries and book-stores were full with hand-printed material of various types such as books on women, cooking, famous places, musical instruments, calculations, tea ceremony and flower arrangements.
Describe the major uses of print culture in the seventeenth century in China. What were its effect?
(a) In the seventeenth century, many cities had come up in China. As tire urban culture spread, the uses of print also increased. It was used in different fields as mentioned below: (i) It was used by scholar officials. (ii) Merchants used it to collect trade information. (iii) Reading printed materRead more
(a) In the seventeenth century, many cities had come up in China. As tire urban culture
See lessspread, the uses of print also increased. It was used in different fields as mentioned below:
(i) It was used by scholar officials.
(ii) Merchants used it to collect trade information.
(iii) Reading printed material became a leisure activity. So, people started reading fictional
narratives, poetry, autobiographies, anthologies of literary master pieces, and romantic plays.
(iv) Women began publishing their poetry and plays.
(v) Wives of scholar-officials published their works and courtesans wrote about their lives.
(b) The new reading culture had the following effects:
(i) It brought western printing techniques and mechanical presses into China.
(ii) Shanghai became the hub of the new print culture’ Thus, there was natural change from hand printing to mechanical printing.
Who was the major producer of printed material in China and why?
(a) The imperial state was the major producer of printed material for long time. (b) It was the major producer of printed material because it recruited its personnel through civil service examinations. Textbooks for this examination were printed in large numbers by the imperial state. With the increRead more
(a) The imperial state was the major producer of printed material for long time.
See less(b) It was the major producer of printed material because it recruited its personnel
through civil service examinations. Textbooks for this examination were printed in large numbers by the imperial state. With the increase in the number of candidates for the examination, the volume of print also increased.