Combustion, a chemical process yielding heat and often light, necessitates specific conditions to occur: 1. Presence of Fuel: A combustible substance, like gas, wood, or oil, must be available. 2. Availability of Oxygen: Adequate oxygen, usually obtained from the air, is essential for the combustionRead more
Combustion, a chemical process yielding heat and often light, necessitates specific conditions to occur:
1. Presence of Fuel: A combustible substance, like gas, wood, or oil, must be available.
2. Availability of Oxygen: Adequate oxygen, usually obtained from the air, is essential for the combustion process.
3. Ignition Source: An initial heat source, like a spark or flame, is necessary to start the combustion reaction.
4. Combustion Temperature: The fuel must attain its ignition temperature, also called the kindling point, to sustain combustion independently.
5. Continuous Heat Supply: Sustained combustion requires an ongoing heat supply, either from the initial ignition or the reaction itself, to maintain necessary temperatures.
6. Proper Fuel-Oxygen Mixing: Efficient combustion demands proper mixing of fuel and oxygen to facilitate the chemical reaction.
These conditions, when adequately met, facilitate combustion, allowing the fuel to react with oxygen, producing heat, light, and combustion products like water vapor and carbon dioxide.
The integration of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel for automobiles has notably curtailed pollution in cities due to several key factors: 1. Emission Reduction: CNG exhibits cleaner combustion compared to conventional fuels like petrol or diesel. It significantly diminishes the release of harmRead more
The integration of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel for automobiles has notably curtailed pollution in cities due to several key factors:
1. Emission Reduction: CNG exhibits cleaner combustion compared to conventional fuels like petrol or diesel. It significantly diminishes the release of harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) during the combustion process.
2. Lower Carbon Footprint: CNG contains fewer carbon atoms per unit of energy, leading to lower emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), a major contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming.
3. Minimal Particulate Matter: CNG combustion generates minimal particulate matter, aiding in reducing air pollution and associated health hazards posed by fine particle inhalation.
4. Decreased Nitrogen Oxides: CNG engines produce lower emissions of nitrogen oxides, crucial components contributing to smog formation and respiratory problems.
5. Infrastructure Availability: CNG has a well-established refueling infrastructure in many urban areas, facilitating its widespread adoption in vehicles.
6. Noise Mitigation: CNG-powered engines tend to operate with reduced noise levels compared to diesel engines, contributing to diminished noise pollution.
7. Government Initiatives: Various governments have encouraged the adoption of CNG vehicles by offering subsidies, tax benefits, and enacting regulations aimed at combatting pollution.
The incorporation of CNG in automobiles has resulted in a noticeable decline in harmful emissions and improved air quality in urban centers. Nonetheless, while CNG vehicles offer environmental benefits, it’s important to consider the entire lifecycle impact, encompassing fuel production and distribution, for a comprehensive evaluation of their environmental footprint.
Given: – Initial velocity u = 0 m/s (the ball is dropped, so initial velocity is 0) – Acceleration a = 10 m/s² – Distance s = 20 m (height from which the ball is dropped) Final Velocity (when the ball strikes the ground): We can use the equation of motion to find the final velocity (v) v2 = u2 + 2asRead more
Given:
– Initial velocity u = 0 m/s (the ball is dropped, so initial velocity is 0)
– Acceleration a = 10 m/s²
– Distance s = 20 m (height from which the ball is dropped)
Final Velocity (when the ball strikes the ground):
We can use the equation of motion to find the final velocity (v)
v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 0 + 2 x 10 x 20
v2 = 400
v = √400
v = 20 m/s
Hence, the ball will strike the ground with a velocity of 20 m/s.
Time taken to strike the ground:
We can use another equation of motion to find the time (t) it takes for the ball to reach the ground.
v = u + at
20 = 0 + 10 x t
t = 20/10
t = 2 s
Therefore, the ball will strike the ground after 2 seconds.
(a) An object with constant acceleration but zero velocity: Possible. Example - A ball thrown upwards momentarily stops at the highest point of its trajectory due to gravity, having zero velocity while experiencing constant acceleration. (b) An object moving with acceleration perpendicular to its diRead more
(a) An object with constant acceleration but zero velocity: Possible. Example – A ball thrown upwards momentarily stops at the highest point of its trajectory due to gravity, having zero velocity while experiencing constant acceleration.
(b) An object moving with acceleration perpendicular to its direction: Possible. Example – A car moving eastwards turns left, experiencing centripetal acceleration perpendicular to its velocity, enabling circular motion.
To find the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the Earth, we can use the formula relating the circumference of the orbit to the time taken for one revolution. The formula for the circumference of a circle is 2 x π x radius Given: - Radius of the orbit r = 42250 km -Read more
To find the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the Earth, we can use the formula relating the circumference of the orbit to the time taken for one revolution.
The formula for the circumference of a circle is 2 x π x radius
Given:
– Radius of the orbit r = 42250 km
– Time taken for one revolution T = 24 hours
Calculations:
The circumference of the circular orbit:
Circumference = 2 x π x radius = 2 x π x 42250 km
The speed of the satellite is given by the formula:
Speed = Circumference / Time taken for one revolution
First, let’s convert the time from hours to seconds because the speed is usually measured in distance per unit time in seconds.
Given: 1 hour = 3600 seconds
Time taken for one revolution in seconds = 24 hours 3600 seconds/hour = 86400 seconds
Now, calculate the speed:
Speed = (2 x π x 42250 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ (2 x 3.1416 x 42250 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ 265258 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ 3.07 km/s
Therefore, the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit of radius 42250 km, taking 24 hours to revolve around the Earth, is approximately 3.07 kilometers per second.
List conditions under which combustion can take place.
Combustion, a chemical process yielding heat and often light, necessitates specific conditions to occur: 1. Presence of Fuel: A combustible substance, like gas, wood, or oil, must be available. 2. Availability of Oxygen: Adequate oxygen, usually obtained from the air, is essential for the combustionRead more
Combustion, a chemical process yielding heat and often light, necessitates specific conditions to occur:
1. Presence of Fuel: A combustible substance, like gas, wood, or oil, must be available.
2. Availability of Oxygen: Adequate oxygen, usually obtained from the air, is essential for the combustion process.
3. Ignition Source: An initial heat source, like a spark or flame, is necessary to start the combustion reaction.
4. Combustion Temperature: The fuel must attain its ignition temperature, also called the kindling point, to sustain combustion independently.
5. Continuous Heat Supply: Sustained combustion requires an ongoing heat supply, either from the initial ignition or the reaction itself, to maintain necessary temperatures.
6. Proper Fuel-Oxygen Mixing: Efficient combustion demands proper mixing of fuel and oxygen to facilitate the chemical reaction.
These conditions, when adequately met, facilitate combustion, allowing the fuel to react with oxygen, producing heat, light, and combustion products like water vapor and carbon dioxide.
See lessExplain how the use of CNG in automobiles has reduced pollution in our cities.
The integration of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel for automobiles has notably curtailed pollution in cities due to several key factors: 1. Emission Reduction: CNG exhibits cleaner combustion compared to conventional fuels like petrol or diesel. It significantly diminishes the release of harmRead more
The integration of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel for automobiles has notably curtailed pollution in cities due to several key factors:
1. Emission Reduction: CNG exhibits cleaner combustion compared to conventional fuels like petrol or diesel. It significantly diminishes the release of harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) during the combustion process.
2. Lower Carbon Footprint: CNG contains fewer carbon atoms per unit of energy, leading to lower emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), a major contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming.
3. Minimal Particulate Matter: CNG combustion generates minimal particulate matter, aiding in reducing air pollution and associated health hazards posed by fine particle inhalation.
4. Decreased Nitrogen Oxides: CNG engines produce lower emissions of nitrogen oxides, crucial components contributing to smog formation and respiratory problems.
5. Infrastructure Availability: CNG has a well-established refueling infrastructure in many urban areas, facilitating its widespread adoption in vehicles.
6. Noise Mitigation: CNG-powered engines tend to operate with reduced noise levels compared to diesel engines, contributing to diminished noise pollution.
7. Government Initiatives: Various governments have encouraged the adoption of CNG vehicles by offering subsidies, tax benefits, and enacting regulations aimed at combatting pollution.
The incorporation of CNG in automobiles has resulted in a noticeable decline in harmful emissions and improved air quality in urban centers. Nonetheless, while CNG vehicles offer environmental benefits, it’s important to consider the entire lifecycle impact, encompassing fuel production and distribution, for a comprehensive evaluation of their environmental footprint.
See lessA ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity increases uniformly at the rate of 10 m s-2, with what velocity will it strike the ground? After what time will it strike the ground?
Given: – Initial velocity u = 0 m/s (the ball is dropped, so initial velocity is 0) – Acceleration a = 10 m/s² – Distance s = 20 m (height from which the ball is dropped) Final Velocity (when the ball strikes the ground): We can use the equation of motion to find the final velocity (v) v2 = u2 + 2asRead more
Given:
– Initial velocity u = 0 m/s (the ball is dropped, so initial velocity is 0)
– Acceleration a = 10 m/s²
– Distance s = 20 m (height from which the ball is dropped)
Final Velocity (when the ball strikes the ground):
We can use the equation of motion to find the final velocity (v)
v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 0 + 2 x 10 x 20
v2 = 400
v = √400
v = 20 m/s
Hence, the ball will strike the ground with a velocity of 20 m/s.
Time taken to strike the ground:
We can use another equation of motion to find the time (t) it takes for the ball to reach the ground.
v = u + at
See less20 = 0 + 10 x t
t = 20/10
t = 2 s
Therefore, the ball will strike the ground after 2 seconds.
State which of the following situations are possible and give an example for each of these:
(a) An object with constant acceleration but zero velocity: Possible. Example - A ball thrown upwards momentarily stops at the highest point of its trajectory due to gravity, having zero velocity while experiencing constant acceleration. (b) An object moving with acceleration perpendicular to its diRead more
(a) An object with constant acceleration but zero velocity: Possible. Example – A ball thrown upwards momentarily stops at the highest point of its trajectory due to gravity, having zero velocity while experiencing constant acceleration.
(b) An object moving with acceleration perpendicular to its direction: Possible. Example – A car moving eastwards turns left, experiencing centripetal acceleration perpendicular to its velocity, enabling circular motion.
See lessAn artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit of radius 42250 km. Calculate its speed if it takes 24 hours to revolve around the earth.
To find the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the Earth, we can use the formula relating the circumference of the orbit to the time taken for one revolution. The formula for the circumference of a circle is 2 x π x radius Given: - Radius of the orbit r = 42250 km -Read more
To find the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the Earth, we can use the formula relating the circumference of the orbit to the time taken for one revolution.
The formula for the circumference of a circle is 2 x π x radius
Given:
– Radius of the orbit r = 42250 km
– Time taken for one revolution T = 24 hours
Calculations:
The circumference of the circular orbit:
Circumference = 2 x π x radius = 2 x π x 42250 km
The speed of the satellite is given by the formula:
Speed = Circumference / Time taken for one revolution
First, let’s convert the time from hours to seconds because the speed is usually measured in distance per unit time in seconds.
Given: 1 hour = 3600 seconds
Time taken for one revolution in seconds = 24 hours 3600 seconds/hour = 86400 seconds
Now, calculate the speed:
Speed = (2 x π x 42250 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ (2 x 3.1416 x 42250 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ 265258 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ 3.07 km/s
Therefore, the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit of radius 42250 km, taking 24 hours to revolve around the Earth, is approximately 3.07 kilometers per second.
See less