Let's analyze the energy transfer to solve this problem. Step 1: Energy released by X g of steam When steam at 100°C condenses to water at 100°C, the energy released is: Qₛₜₑₐₘ = X ⋅ Lᵥ where Lᵥ = 540 cal/g (latent heat of vaporization of water). Step 2: Energy absorbed by Y g of ice The ice first mRead more
Let’s analyze the energy transfer to solve this problem.
Step 1: Energy released by X g of steam
When steam at 100°C condenses to water at 100°C, the energy released is:
Qₛₜₑₐₘ = X ⋅ Lᵥ
where Lᵥ = 540 cal/g (latent heat of vaporization of water).
Step 2: Energy absorbed by Y g of ice
The ice first melts into water at 0°C, and then this water is heated to 100°C. The total energy absorbed by Y g of ice is:
Qᵢcₑ = Y ⋅ Lf + Y ⋅ c ⋅ ΔT
where:
– Lf = 80 cal/g (latent heat of fusion of ice),
– c = 1 cal/g°C (specific heat capacity of water),
– ΔT = 100°C.
Put values:
Qᵢcₑ = Y ⋅ 80 + Y ⋅ 1 ⋅ 100 = Y ⋅ (80 + 100) = Y ⋅ 180 cal.
Step 3: Energy conservation
The energy released by steam is equal to the energy absorbed by ice:
X ⋅ 540 = Y ⋅ 180
To solve this we analyze this situation by applying the concept of energy conversion as follows; Step 1: Potential Energy converted to heat To indicate that whenever water drops from a height of 500 m, its potential energy is turned into heat. The PE per unit mass is thus given as: PE = mgh where: -Read more
To solve this we analyze this situation by applying the concept of energy conversion as follows;
Step 1: Potential Energy converted to heat To indicate that whenever water drops from a height of 500 m, its potential energy is turned into heat. The PE per unit mass is thus given as: PE = mgh where: – m is the mass of water in kilograms
– g = 9.8 m/s² is the acceleration due to gravity,
– h = 500 m is the height.
So:
PE = m ⋅ 9.8 ⋅ 500
Step 2: Energy to temperature rise
The heat produced is utilized to raise the temperature of water. The heat equation is:
Q = m ⋅ c ⋅ ΔT
where:
– Q is the heat energy,
– c = 4300 J/kg°C is the specific heat of water,
– ΔT is the rise in temperature.
Q = PE:
m ⋅ 9.8 ⋅ 500 = m ⋅ 4300 ⋅ ΔT
Step 3: Simplify and solve for ΔT
Cancel m from both sides:
9.8 ⋅ 500 = 4300 ⋅ ΔT
When a force acts on a body, and its line of action does not pass through the center of gravity, the body experiences two effects: linear acceleration and angular acceleration. Linear acceleration occurs as the force pushes or pulls the body in a specific direction. This is due to the body's responsRead more
When a force acts on a body, and its line of action does not pass through the center of gravity, the body experiences two effects: linear acceleration and angular acceleration. Linear acceleration occurs as the force pushes or pulls the body in a specific direction. This is due to the body’s response to the applied force, which causes a change in its state of motion.
At the same time, since the line of action of this force does not pass through the center of gravity, a torque is developed. Torque is defined as the rotational effect developed due to the application of the force at a distance from the center of gravity. Thus, this torque causes angular acceleration, and hence, the body rotates around an axis. The combined effects of the linear acceleration and angular acceleration influence the motion of the body.
For example, when you push a door at its edge, it rotates around its hinges because of the torque generated, and the force exerts a linear effect as well. Similarly, if you apply force to a spinning top at any point other than its center, it causes rotation and a change in position as well. So, whenever the line of action of the force misses the center of gravity, both types of acceleration occur.
There was said to work when a force is applied onto an object along with the movements of the applied force. But for work, however to be done then three conditions apply: 1. Applied Force: One must apply forces on the affected object. 2. Displacement by the Applied force: The resultant movement of aRead more
There was said to work when a force is applied onto an object along with the movements of the applied force. But for work, however to be done then three conditions apply:
1. Applied Force: One must apply forces on the affected object.
2. Displacement by the Applied force: The resultant movement of applying the force with the object having moved from position.
3. Direction Alignment: The displacement must have a component in the direction of the applied force.
Examples of Work:
1. Lifting an Object: When you lift a book from the ground, you apply an upward force, and the book moves upwards. Here, work is done because the force and displacement are in the same direction.
2. Pushing a cart: While the person applies the force for pushing the shopping cart, work gets done due to the displacement in the direction of the force.
3. Pulling a Sled: One example of using force to do work would be pulling the sled on snowy surfaces. Applying force to push it in the direction of pull means work done is achieved.
4. Lifting Water Using a Bucket: If a bucket is used to draw water from a well, then work is done as the bucket goes upwards because of the applied force.
Work is not done when the object is stationary or the applied force is perpendicular to the displacement. This means holding an immovable object or carrying a load horizontally in which no vertical displacement is created does not include work.
When two bodies of masses m and 4m have the same amount of kinetic energy, their momenta differ because the relationship between kinetic energy and momentum is such that kinetic energy depends on both mass and the square of velocity, while momentum depends linearly on mass and velocity. The velocityRead more
When two bodies of masses m and 4m have the same amount of kinetic energy, their momenta differ because the relationship between kinetic energy and momentum is such that kinetic energy depends on both mass and the square of velocity, while momentum depends linearly on mass and velocity.
The velocity of a heavier body will have to be lower than that of a lighter body in order to have the same kinetic energy. For the kinetic energy being constant, the momentum of a body varies directly as the square root of its mass. So when their momenta are compared, the ratio of the momenta is equal to the square root of the ratio of the masses.
In this case, the first body has mass m, while the second has a mass of 4m. The square root of their mass ratio, √1} : √4, gives the momentum ratio as 1:2. This means the body with four times the mass has double the momentum of the lighter body under equal kinetic energy conditions.
Hence, the kinetic energy of both bodies is the same, but their momentum differs because of the mass in these bodies. It is greater in the former body compared with the later.
Rolling motion describes the motion of an object in which it moves with a constant angular velocity, translating along a plane while rotating around its axis. A typical example is a disc rolling without sliding on a level surface. For this case, the disc moves about its center, and a point of contacRead more
Rolling motion describes the motion of an object in which it moves with a constant angular velocity, translating along a plane while rotating around its axis. A typical example is a disc rolling without sliding on a level surface. For this case, the disc moves about its center, and a point of contact with the plane momentarily remains stationary, or doesn’t slide.
In rolling motion, there has to be some relationship between its linear velocity and angular velocity if the disc rolls without slipping. The linear velocity of the disc’s center of mass must, therefore, match the product of its angular velocity and radius for the disc to roll smoothly, without sliding at the point of contact.
Friction plays a very important role in this process. Static friction between the disc and the surface prevents slipping, allowing the disc to maintain its rolling motion. If the linear velocity exceeds this relationship, the disc will start to slip, breaking the condition of rolling without slipping.
In summary, rolling motion is characterized by the combination of translation and rotation. For a disc to roll without slipping on a level surface, the static friction must be sufficient to maintain the proper relationship between the disc’s linear and angular velocities.
Three Types of Rocks: 1. Igneous Rocks: Formed from cooled magma or lava, examples include granite, basalt, and obsidian. 2. Sedimentary Rocks: Formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments, examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale. 3. Metamorphic Rocks: Created from the alterationRead more
Three Types of Rocks:
1. Igneous Rocks: Formed from cooled magma or lava, examples include granite, basalt, and obsidian.
2. Sedimentary Rocks: Formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments, examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale.
3. Metamorphic Rocks: Created from the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure, examples include marble, slate, and quartzite.
These rock types exhibit diverse characteristics and formations, reflecting distinct geological processes in their creation.
Formation of Extrusive and Intrusive Rocks: Extrusive Rocks: - Formation: Result from rapid cooling of lava on the Earth's surface during volcanic eruptions. - Cooling Rate: Quick cooling leads to fine-grained or glassy textures. - Examples: Basalt and obsidian are common extrusive rocks. IntrusiveRead more
Formation of Extrusive and Intrusive Rocks:
Extrusive Rocks:
– Formation: Result from rapid cooling of lava on the Earth’s surface during volcanic eruptions.
– Cooling Rate: Quick cooling leads to fine-grained or glassy textures.
– Examples: Basalt and obsidian are common extrusive rocks.
Intrusive Rocks:
– Formation: Formed from slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth’s surface.
– Cooling Rate: Slow cooling results in coarse-grained textures.
– Examples: Granite and diorite are typical intrusive rocks.
Distinct cooling rates influence textures, creating differences between extrusive and intrusive rock types.
Rock Cycle Explanation: 1. Formation: - Igneous rocks form from cooled magma/lava. - Sedimentary rocks form from sediment deposition and compaction. - Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks altered by heat/pressure. 2. Transformation: - Igneous rocks can weather into sediments. - Sediments can cRead more
Rock Cycle Explanation:
1. Formation:
– Igneous rocks form from cooled magma/lava.
– Sedimentary rocks form from sediment deposition and compaction.
– Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks altered by heat/pressure.
2. Transformation:
– Igneous rocks can weather into sediments.
– Sediments can compact to form sedimentary rocks.
– Any rock type can undergo metamorphism to become metamorphic rocks.
3. Recycling:
– Melting and solidification form new igneous rocks.
– Weathering and erosion form sediments.
– Metamorphism creates new metamorphic rocks.
The rock cycle depicts how rocks transform between types through geological processes, demonstrating Earth’s dynamic nature.
Definition of a Rock: A rock is a naturally occurring solid material found on Earth's surface composed of minerals or mineral-like substances. It forms through geological processes such as cooling of molten magma, sediment deposition, or metamorphic changes due to heat and pressure. Rocks come in vaRead more
Definition of a Rock:
A rock is a naturally occurring solid material found on Earth’s surface composed of minerals or mineral-like substances. It forms through geological processes such as cooling of molten magma, sediment deposition, or metamorphic changes due to heat and pressure. Rocks come in various types, including igneous (formed from cooled magma), sedimentary (formed from compacted sediments), and metamorphic (altered by heat and pressure). They vary in composition, texture, and color, playing a significant role in the Earth’s crust and landscape formation.
In an energy recycling process, X g of steam at 100 °C becomes water at 100 °C which converts Y g of ice at 0 °C into water at 100 °C. The ratio of X and Y will be
Let's analyze the energy transfer to solve this problem. Step 1: Energy released by X g of steam When steam at 100°C condenses to water at 100°C, the energy released is: Qₛₜₑₐₘ = X ⋅ Lᵥ where Lᵥ = 540 cal/g (latent heat of vaporization of water). Step 2: Energy absorbed by Y g of ice The ice first mRead more
Let’s analyze the energy transfer to solve this problem.
Step 1: Energy released by X g of steam
When steam at 100°C condenses to water at 100°C, the energy released is:
Qₛₜₑₐₘ = X ⋅ Lᵥ
where Lᵥ = 540 cal/g (latent heat of vaporization of water).
Step 2: Energy absorbed by Y g of ice
The ice first melts into water at 0°C, and then this water is heated to 100°C. The total energy absorbed by Y g of ice is:
Qᵢcₑ = Y ⋅ Lf + Y ⋅ c ⋅ ΔT
where:
– Lf = 80 cal/g (latent heat of fusion of ice),
– c = 1 cal/g°C (specific heat capacity of water),
– ΔT = 100°C.
Put values:
Qᵢcₑ = Y ⋅ 80 + Y ⋅ 1 ⋅ 100 = Y ⋅ (80 + 100) = Y ⋅ 180 cal.
Step 3: Energy conservation
The energy released by steam is equal to the energy absorbed by ice:
X ⋅ 540 = Y ⋅ 180
Step 4: Solve for X/Y
X / Y = 180 / 540 = 1 / 3
Final Answer:
The ratio of X and Y is 1:3.
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Water falls from a height 500 m. What is the rise in the temperature of water at the bottom, if the whole energy remains in water?(Specific heat of water = 4300 J/kg °C)
To solve this we analyze this situation by applying the concept of energy conversion as follows; Step 1: Potential Energy converted to heat To indicate that whenever water drops from a height of 500 m, its potential energy is turned into heat. The PE per unit mass is thus given as: PE = mgh where: -Read more
To solve this we analyze this situation by applying the concept of energy conversion as follows;
Step 1: Potential Energy converted to heat To indicate that whenever water drops from a height of 500 m, its potential energy is turned into heat. The PE per unit mass is thus given as: PE = mgh where: – m is the mass of water in kilograms
– g = 9.8 m/s² is the acceleration due to gravity,
– h = 500 m is the height.
So:
PE = m ⋅ 9.8 ⋅ 500
Step 2: Energy to temperature rise
The heat produced is utilized to raise the temperature of water. The heat equation is:
Q = m ⋅ c ⋅ ΔT
where:
– Q is the heat energy,
– c = 4300 J/kg°C is the specific heat of water,
– ΔT is the rise in temperature.
Q = PE:
m ⋅ 9.8 ⋅ 500 = m ⋅ 4300 ⋅ ΔT
Step 3: Simplify and solve for ΔT
Cancel m from both sides:
9.8 ⋅ 500 = 4300 ⋅ ΔT
Solve for ΔT: ΔT = (9.8 ⋅ 500) / 4300 = 4900 / 4300 ≈ 1.16°C
Final Answer:
The temperature of the water at the bottom has increased by 1.16°C.
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See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-10/
If force acts on a body, whose line of action does not pass through its centre of gravity, then the body will experience
When a force acts on a body, and its line of action does not pass through the center of gravity, the body experiences two effects: linear acceleration and angular acceleration. Linear acceleration occurs as the force pushes or pulls the body in a specific direction. This is due to the body's responsRead more
When a force acts on a body, and its line of action does not pass through the center of gravity, the body experiences two effects: linear acceleration and angular acceleration. Linear acceleration occurs as the force pushes or pulls the body in a specific direction. This is due to the body’s response to the applied force, which causes a change in its state of motion.
At the same time, since the line of action of this force does not pass through the center of gravity, a torque is developed. Torque is defined as the rotational effect developed due to the application of the force at a distance from the center of gravity. Thus, this torque causes angular acceleration, and hence, the body rotates around an axis. The combined effects of the linear acceleration and angular acceleration influence the motion of the body.
For example, when you push a door at its edge, it rotates around its hinges because of the torque generated, and the force exerts a linear effect as well. Similarly, if you apply force to a spinning top at any point other than its center, it causes rotation and a change in position as well. So, whenever the line of action of the force misses the center of gravity, both types of acceleration occur.
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See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-5/
When is the work said to be done? Give some examples.
There was said to work when a force is applied onto an object along with the movements of the applied force. But for work, however to be done then three conditions apply: 1. Applied Force: One must apply forces on the affected object. 2. Displacement by the Applied force: The resultant movement of aRead more
There was said to work when a force is applied onto an object along with the movements of the applied force. But for work, however to be done then three conditions apply:
1. Applied Force: One must apply forces on the affected object.
2. Displacement by the Applied force: The resultant movement of applying the force with the object having moved from position.
3. Direction Alignment: The displacement must have a component in the direction of the applied force.
Examples of Work:
1. Lifting an Object: When you lift a book from the ground, you apply an upward force, and the book moves upwards. Here, work is done because the force and displacement are in the same direction.
2. Pushing a cart: While the person applies the force for pushing the shopping cart, work gets done due to the displacement in the direction of the force.
3. Pulling a Sled: One example of using force to do work would be pulling the sled on snowy surfaces. Applying force to push it in the direction of pull means work done is achieved.
4. Lifting Water Using a Bucket: If a bucket is used to draw water from a well, then work is done as the bucket goes upwards because of the applied force.
Work is not done when the object is stationary or the applied force is perpendicular to the displacement. This means holding an immovable object or carrying a load horizontally in which no vertical displacement is created does not include work.
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See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-5/
Two bodies of mass m and 4 m have equal kinetic energy. What is the ratio of their momentum?
When two bodies of masses m and 4m have the same amount of kinetic energy, their momenta differ because the relationship between kinetic energy and momentum is such that kinetic energy depends on both mass and the square of velocity, while momentum depends linearly on mass and velocity. The velocityRead more
When two bodies of masses m and 4m have the same amount of kinetic energy, their momenta differ because the relationship between kinetic energy and momentum is such that kinetic energy depends on both mass and the square of velocity, while momentum depends linearly on mass and velocity.
The velocity of a heavier body will have to be lower than that of a lighter body in order to have the same kinetic energy. For the kinetic energy being constant, the momentum of a body varies directly as the square root of its mass. So when their momenta are compared, the ratio of the momenta is equal to the square root of the ratio of the masses.
In this case, the first body has mass m, while the second has a mass of 4m. The square root of their mass ratio, √1} : √4, gives the momentum ratio as 1:2. This means the body with four times the mass has double the momentum of the lighter body under equal kinetic energy conditions.
Hence, the kinetic energy of both bodies is the same, but their momentum differs because of the mass in these bodies. It is greater in the former body compared with the later.
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See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-5/
What is rolling motion? Discuss the motion of a disc rolling without slipping on a level surface. Hence find the condition for rolling without slipping.
Rolling motion describes the motion of an object in which it moves with a constant angular velocity, translating along a plane while rotating around its axis. A typical example is a disc rolling without sliding on a level surface. For this case, the disc moves about its center, and a point of contacRead more
Rolling motion describes the motion of an object in which it moves with a constant angular velocity, translating along a plane while rotating around its axis. A typical example is a disc rolling without sliding on a level surface. For this case, the disc moves about its center, and a point of contact with the plane momentarily remains stationary, or doesn’t slide.
In rolling motion, there has to be some relationship between its linear velocity and angular velocity if the disc rolls without slipping. The linear velocity of the disc’s center of mass must, therefore, match the product of its angular velocity and radius for the disc to roll smoothly, without sliding at the point of contact.
Friction plays a very important role in this process. Static friction between the disc and the surface prevents slipping, allowing the disc to maintain its rolling motion. If the linear velocity exceeds this relationship, the disc will start to slip, breaking the condition of rolling without slipping.
In summary, rolling motion is characterized by the combination of translation and rotation. For a disc to roll without slipping on a level surface, the static friction must be sufficient to maintain the proper relationship between the disc’s linear and angular velocities.
Click this for more : – https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-6/
See lessName three types of rocks.
Three Types of Rocks: 1. Igneous Rocks: Formed from cooled magma or lava, examples include granite, basalt, and obsidian. 2. Sedimentary Rocks: Formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments, examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale. 3. Metamorphic Rocks: Created from the alterationRead more
Three Types of Rocks:
1. Igneous Rocks: Formed from cooled magma or lava, examples include granite, basalt, and obsidian.
2. Sedimentary Rocks: Formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments, examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale.
3. Metamorphic Rocks: Created from the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure, examples include marble, slate, and quartzite.
These rock types exhibit diverse characteristics and formations, reflecting distinct geological processes in their creation.
See lessHow are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed?
Formation of Extrusive and Intrusive Rocks: Extrusive Rocks: - Formation: Result from rapid cooling of lava on the Earth's surface during volcanic eruptions. - Cooling Rate: Quick cooling leads to fine-grained or glassy textures. - Examples: Basalt and obsidian are common extrusive rocks. IntrusiveRead more
Formation of Extrusive and Intrusive Rocks:
Extrusive Rocks:
– Formation: Result from rapid cooling of lava on the Earth’s surface during volcanic eruptions.
– Cooling Rate: Quick cooling leads to fine-grained or glassy textures.
– Examples: Basalt and obsidian are common extrusive rocks.
Intrusive Rocks:
– Formation: Formed from slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth’s surface.
– Cooling Rate: Slow cooling results in coarse-grained textures.
– Examples: Granite and diorite are typical intrusive rocks.
Distinct cooling rates influence textures, creating differences between extrusive and intrusive rock types.
See lessWhat do you mean by a rock cycle?
Rock Cycle Explanation: 1. Formation: - Igneous rocks form from cooled magma/lava. - Sedimentary rocks form from sediment deposition and compaction. - Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks altered by heat/pressure. 2. Transformation: - Igneous rocks can weather into sediments. - Sediments can cRead more
Rock Cycle Explanation:
1. Formation:
– Igneous rocks form from cooled magma/lava.
– Sedimentary rocks form from sediment deposition and compaction.
– Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks altered by heat/pressure.
2. Transformation:
– Igneous rocks can weather into sediments.
– Sediments can compact to form sedimentary rocks.
– Any rock type can undergo metamorphism to become metamorphic rocks.
3. Recycling:
– Melting and solidification form new igneous rocks.
– Weathering and erosion form sediments.
– Metamorphism creates new metamorphic rocks.
The rock cycle depicts how rocks transform between types through geological processes, demonstrating Earth’s dynamic nature.
See lessWhat is a rock?
Definition of a Rock: A rock is a naturally occurring solid material found on Earth's surface composed of minerals or mineral-like substances. It forms through geological processes such as cooling of molten magma, sediment deposition, or metamorphic changes due to heat and pressure. Rocks come in vaRead more
Definition of a Rock:
See lessA rock is a naturally occurring solid material found on Earth’s surface composed of minerals or mineral-like substances. It forms through geological processes such as cooling of molten magma, sediment deposition, or metamorphic changes due to heat and pressure. Rocks come in various types, including igneous (formed from cooled magma), sedimentary (formed from compacted sediments), and metamorphic (altered by heat and pressure). They vary in composition, texture, and color, playing a significant role in the Earth’s crust and landscape formation.