1. Ghazi Malik was one of Alauddin Khalji’s trusted military commanders. After the decline of the Khalji dynasty, he took advantage of political instability and established his authority. He ascended the throne in 1320 CE under the name Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, founding the Tughlaq dynasty. His rule focuseRead more

    Ghazi Malik was one of Alauddin Khalji’s trusted military commanders. After the decline of the Khalji dynasty, he took advantage of political instability and established his authority. He ascended the throne in 1320 CE under the name Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, founding the Tughlaq dynasty. His rule focused on strengthening administration, military expansion and improving law and order. His rise marked a major shift in Delhi Sultanate politics and ended the rule of the Khalji dynasty. Ghazi Malik’s leadership laid the foundation for future Tughlaq rulers, including Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firoz Shah Tughlaq. ANSWER: (B) Ghazi Malik

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  2. During the Tughlaq dynasty, the institution of viziarat reached its peak of power and administrative importance. The vizier served as the most influential officer after the Sultan and was responsible for managing revenue, taxation, military salaries and overall government functioning. Rulers like MuRead more

    During the Tughlaq dynasty, the institution of viziarat reached its peak of power and administrative importance. The vizier served as the most influential officer after the Sultan and was responsible for managing revenue, taxation, military salaries and overall government functioning. Rulers like Muhammad bin Tughlaq expanded administrative networks, requiring a strong centralized bureaucracy led by an experienced vizier. The post became crucial in maintaining communication between the Sultan and various departments. This period marked a significant growth in administrative specialization and systematic governance. ANSWER: (B) Tughlaq

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  3. Mahmud Ghaznavi issued silver coins with Sanskrit inscriptions to build legitimacy among the people of India after his invasions. Sanskrit was the dominant cultural and religious language of the region, so including it on coins helped connect with Hindu elites, traders and administrators. These coinRead more

    Mahmud Ghaznavi issued silver coins with Sanskrit inscriptions to build legitimacy among the people of India after his invasions. Sanskrit was the dominant cultural and religious language of the region, so including it on coins helped connect with Hindu elites, traders and administrators. These coins displayed his titles and sometimes blended Persian and Sanskrit features. The move demonstrated his attempt to adapt to Indian governance systems and foster economic stability through recognizable currency. This initiative also reflects early examples of cultural and administrative compromise by foreign rulers in India.

    ANSWER: (A) Mahmud Ghaznavi

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  4. During the Delhi Sultanate, a well-structured monetary system existed and Jetal and Tanka were two significant currencies. Jetal was mainly a copper coin used by common people for small and daily market transactions. Tanka, on the other hand, was a silver coin used for major commercial exchanges, miRead more

    During the Delhi Sultanate, a well-structured monetary system existed and Jetal and Tanka were two significant currencies. Jetal was mainly a copper coin used by common people for small and daily market transactions. Tanka, on the other hand, was a silver coin used for major commercial exchanges, military payments and administrative purposes. These coins helped unify the vast territories under the Sultanate and supported taxation, trade and financial administration. Their regular use helped strengthen governance, maintain revenue flow and promote economic development across different regions ruled by the Delhi Sultans.

    ANSWER: (D) 2 and 4

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  5. Timur’s invasion of India in 1398 occurred when the Tughlaq dynasty was in deep political and administrative decline. Although Nasiruddin Muhammad Tughlaq was the nominal ruler, effective power was exercised by his father, Mahmud Shah Tughlaq. The internal disintegration of the Sultanate made DelhiRead more

    Timur’s invasion of India in 1398 occurred when the Tughlaq dynasty was in deep political and administrative decline. Although Nasiruddin Muhammad Tughlaq was the nominal ruler, effective power was exercised by his father, Mahmud Shah Tughlaq. The internal disintegration of the Sultanate made Delhi vulnerable. Timur’s forces crossed the Indus, defeated the Tughlaq army near Delhi and committed mass killings. The capital was thoroughly plundered, its population massacred and its economy devastated. This invasion accelerated the collapse of the Tughlaq dynasty and paved the way for the emergence of the Sayyid dynasty. It remains one of the darkest episodes in Delhi’s history.

    ANSWER: (A) Nasruddin Muhammad Tughlaq

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