Elongation is the increase in length of a material when subjected to tensile stress. It is a measure of how much a material stretches under load and is typically expressed as a percentage of the original length. Elongation is crucial ...

Modulus refers to a measure of a material’s stiffness or resistance to deformation under stress. It quantifies the relationship between stress and strain in elastic materials. Common types include Young’s modulus for tensile stress shear modulus for shear stress and ...